The Qinghe wastewater treatment plant has the capacity to serve 814,000 people and is situated on the northern banks of the Qinghe River in Beijing. The plant&#;s footprint is 30.1ha and it serves a population area of 15,942ha.

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The brainchild of the Beijing Government, the Qinghe WWTP forms part of the scheme for the development of 15 large-scale waste water treatment plants. The plant collects and disposes of wastewater from the north-western areas of Beijing, including scientific and educational culture areas, Zhongguancun high-tech area and Qinghe industrial area. The Qinghe plant is also responsible for improving the water quality of Qinghe river.

Two-phase construction

The plant was constructed in two phases. Phase one began in December and was completed by September . The total investment for this was ¥442m, helped with a loan of ¥83m from the Swedish government. The second phase construction, which was started in July , was completed in December at an investment of ¥275m. After completion of the second phase, the combined disposal capacity of the plant reached 400,000m³ per day.

&#;The Qinghe wastewater treatment plant has the capacity to serve 814,000 people.&#;

Olympic Games infrastructure improvement

The project was implemented as a part of the Chinese government&#;s massive programme of infrastructure improvement for the Beijing Olympic Games. It was also built to reduce water shortage in the capital, due to rapid urbanisation and economic growth. Another purpose of the project was to minimize water pollution in the Qinghe River.

Qinghe wastewater treatment plant design and treatment

Designed according to similar plants in the US, the WWTP&#;s membrane bioreactor (MBR) has a capacity of 80,000m³ per day. Primary treatment is conducted through gross screening and settling tanks, while the secondary treatment involves biological treatment and aeration tanks. The plant also makes use of microfiltration and reverse osmosis technology.

The plant utilises MBR technology to treat the wastewater at higher standards. Secondary effluent coming out of the plant is treated by ZeeWeed membranes supplied by ZENON Membrane Solutions (a part of GE Water & Process Technologies).

In addition to mechanical and biological treatment, the plant also performs sludge processing. Mechanical treatment, which consists of bar screens and an aerated grit chamber, treats all incoming wastewater. The plant does not have primary clarifier, so the wastewater has to pass through two separate series. Series one adopts inverse A²/O (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic) techniques, while series two follows A²/O. The series one makes use of an anoxic tank initially and then an anaerobic and aerobic tank. In series two the order of the tanks is different: an anaerobic tank is utilised first, followed by an anoxic and aerobic tank.

Uses for treated water

The treated water from the plant is mainly used in agricultural irrigation, industry, and urban landscaping. At the household level, treated water is primarily used for flushing toilets.

Qinghe plant upgrades

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In June , a contract was awarded to CSO Technik (Lackeby Products) to supply Roto-Sieve drum screens.

&#;Qinghe wastewater treatment plant uses MBR technology.&#;

After upgrade with drum screens, the Qinghe plant will become the largest MBR plant in the world, with an MBR capacity of 240,000 m3/d.

To extend service life and reduce functional upkeep of the plant, the China branch of Purac, a division of environmental engineering company Lackeby Water Group is supplying 19 drum screens. These drum screens will facilitate 1mm screening protection.

Roto-sieve protection technology

Robust and cost effective roto-sieve drum screens used by MBR plants help to separate all solids and fibres larger than 1mm from the liquid. This pre-screening technology is used by various industries such as agriculture, food processing, brewery, plastics recycling, and municipal and industrial waste water treatment. Separated material is then transported by screws which are internally fixed in a perforated drum installed in the roto-sieve drum screens.

Facilities

An inlet pumping station, aerated grit chamber, biochemical reaction tank, sedimentation tank, air blower room, sludge dewatering room and general transformer station all support the operative facilities at the plant.

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Food and Natural Resources

© Hanny Naibaho/Unsplash

From to around 100 million people have moved from the countryside to China&#;s cities. This massive migration to cities means wastewater treatment plant numbers have multiplied to meet demand. At the beginning of the millennium China had around 500 municipal wastewater treatment plants; it now numbers above 4,000. Director Yanjing Zhu from the Swedish Environmental Research Institute&#;s China office says that years of growing demand has led Chinese authorities and researchers to rethink how the country can use water in a better way. &#;Because of water scarcity, pollution, organisation and other issues, China realised that we shouldn&#;t see water as something to take and discard,&#; she said. &#;We needed to change our ideas on this.&#; She says that reused water in China mainly serves industry, park irrigation, and street cleaning. The current wastewater treatment plants face challenges such as high energy consumption, greenhouse gases emission and sludge. Future energy and waste requirements will likely drive the cost of these plants higher. This problem has been known for some time; around an expert committee in China began thinking of how to develop modern treatment plants that could provide a sustainable, environmentally-friendly water supply. The culmination of this research is a new wastewater treatment plant in Yixing, a city on China&#;s west coast and around 150 kilometres from Shanghai. Like many of China&#;s cities, it has seen its population double to 442,000 people in the last 25 years. Each day the eight-hectare plant will be able to handle around 20,000 cubic metres of water &#; roughly equivalent to eight Olympic-sized swimming pools. The plant&#;s R&D centre will also test out different techniques to bring wastewater treatment into the circular economy by removing common chemicals found in wastewater and treating them to be reused. &#;They are pollutants in our traditional way of thinking, but we should also see them as a resource,&#; said Ms Zhu. For example, the plant can recover and treat phosphorous to create fertiliser for farmers. Another feature of this plant is the organic waste treatment center, where biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of sludge and other organic matter. The plant can then use this biogas to produce electricity to help power itself. Any biogas residue can then be used as compost, once it has been checked for safety. The plant offers China a way to test circular water solutions that can then be rolled out nationwide says Ms Zhu. This, and recent announcements from National Reform and Development Commission (NRDC) and Chinese ministries supporting circular water solutions, shows that there is &#;a good future&#; for water reuse, she says. Ms Zhu recently spoke at the WaterShare conference held online on 14th April. The event brought experts from across Asia and Europe to share their experiences developing circular water solutions. Conferences such as WaterShare are needed in the research community, says Dr Zhu. &#;On the one hand Chinese partners say that they are looking for new technologies abroad,&#; she says. &#;But on the other hand, these technologies perhaps already exist in Europe and abroad. Effective channels to connect China and Europe are lacking.&#; One benefit of the Yixing plant, she says, is that it can also test new technologies from abroad to see if they work well for Chinese needs. In the future she would like to see similar ways to communicate circular water solutions, since many solutions are equally applicable outside of Asia. &#;From my perspective there should be a very good platform where stakeholders from different countries can come together through scientific workshops, matchmaking events, and conferences,&#; she says. &#;I think this exchange should not just be in one direction; there are also some good practices from China that can be transferred to European partners.&#;

Keywords

Yixing, China, Sweden, Wastewater plant, Biogas, City, Population

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