Your Position: Home - Other Machinery & Industry Equipment - SMT Line Layout: A Complete Guide 2024
SMT is the abbreviated form of Surface Mounted Technology. The critical operation for SMT is below:
If you want to learn more, please visit our website Smt Process Flow Chart.
In the process. there is a kind of circuit assembly technology. we usually call it SMC or SMD.
People can assemble SMD or SMC on the surface of the printed circuit board (PCB) or other substrates without pins or short leads. and weld them by reflow welding or immersion welding.
It is a new generation of electronic assembly technology developed from hybrid integrated circuit technology.
With the characteristics of component surface mount technology and reflow soldering technology. SMT has become the most popular technology and process in the electronic assembly industry.
The main equipment of the SMT line includes a loader. Solder printing machine. SPI inspection machine. SMT machine (electronic components on the upper surface). reflow Oven. plug-in. wave oven and test packaging.
The extensive application of SMT promotes the miniaturization and multifunction of electronic products. and provides conditions for mass production and low defect rate production.
With high assembly density. small volume and light weight of electronic products. the volume and weight of SMT components are only about 1/10 of that of traditional plug-in components.
After the electric factories adopted SMT. they reduced the volume and weight of electronic products by 40% ~ 60% and 60% ~ 80% respectively.
2.1 Where does SMT line be used?
As you know. the trend for electronic products is to get smarter. comfortable. fashion look. easy to carry.
When the electronic component becomes tinier and tinier such as the tiny component size 0201. the size of the previously used plug-in components can not be reduced and adjusted to get matched the small electronic component.
When the integrated circuit (IC) used has no pierced components. especially the large-scale and highly integrated IC. we have to use surface mount components to meet the needs of customers and enhance the competitiveness of the market.
Electronic products manufacturing
Also, the electronic component has to be more functional and intelligent when it’s getting tiny. so the SMT has to be more and more widely used in the electronic area. and the requirements for SMT are getting more and more high to meet the needs too.
And you know. with 5G technology becoming more and more mature. there is no doubt that the demand for the SMT line will be greatly raised.
2.2 The detailed main fields for the SMT line are listed below
Traditionally. semiconductor and SMT production are independent. At present. the integration of the two fields has already become very common.
The development of advanced packaging technology drives the integration of semiconductor production and traditional SMT.
Nowadays. some semiconductor packaging companies have bought more and more SMT mounters to mount passive components. and then use a semiconductor die bonder to mount the die to complete SIP manufacturing.
In fact. most semiconductor manufacturing is related to the chip. Due to different applications of die or flip chip bonders. we have different requirements for the accuracy of the chip.
For example. standard QFN or BGA Requires 25 microns. FCBGA or FCQFN requires 15-25 microns. cis or camera module requires 10-15 microns. fowls require 5-10 microns. and ultra-fine TCB (hot press welding machine) application requires the most accurate 1-5 microns.
In this regard. we note that in recent years. SMT equipment suppliers have begun to acquire and merge some die bonder companies.
such as micronic’s acquisition of MRSI. Fuji’s acquisition of fast food. Yamaha’s acquisition of Shinkawa and ASM’s acquisition of Amicra.
There are a lot of LED products in our daily life. and the LED lighting industry adopts the SMT Line usually.
So what are the LED lighting products?
They are including the tube lights. LED panels. strip lights. and various street lights with the feature of energy saving and cost-effective
As the economy gets more and more developed. most of the electronic products are getting automotive.
Besides. people’s living standards improve a lot. More and more families can get a car for use in daily life. the car is getting more and more intelligent and automotive.
Automotive electronic systems are usually used in engine management. radio. telematics. in-car entertainment systems and others.
Automotive electronics Industry – Photo SourceMany factories for the car are using the SMT line to make mass production go smoothly and save the labor cost. and the quality of the car has been better too.
There will be a lot of benefits if the SMT line combines with the MES/EMS/ERP system.
It can help a lot in the order arrangement. material arrangement (inventory status alert. management of material withdrawal. and etc.) and production plan arrangement.
Hence. we can reduce the warehousing and production cost to 50%. and we can save the overall cost for the operation for the whole company a lot.
Factories can use SMT lines to produce various products for the intelligent home control system such as intelligent home appliance control. intelligent lighting control. electronic curtain control. burglar alarm. access control. gas leakage. etc.
SMT Line plays an important role in the mass production of components for electronic consumer goods. including TVs. DVD players. video games. washing machine and remote and so on.
3. Advantages of using the SMT line
3.1Benefits Of SMT line Machine
The using of the whole SMT line makes the worker less direct contact with the machine. which really helps to reduce the risk of injury.
①First of all. the using of the whole SMT line reduces the need for labor. which is good news for saving the labor cost as you know the labor cost has become more and more expensive.
②Second. if you use the whole SMT line. all the production steps are linked in the whole line. you don’t need to store the semi-finished component during the production process like the traditional way of not using the SMT line.
therefore the whole process can reduce lots of space for the material and finished goods the rent cost is getting more and more expensive.
③Third. you can get the payment from your client more fast according to the shortening of the production cycle. then you can cut the financial cost to the minimum.
Furthermore. the factory can have cash on hand. which is very helpful for the operation of the factory.
In a word. if you can make the cost lower. your product will become more and more competitive and will have more market share accordingly.
If the manufacturer adds the SMT line to production operations. it will help to lower the defect rate of the product. because the machine will make the operation more precise according to the required standard and the less transmission make the less risk of defect.
The SMT line enables the process to go from one step to another smoothly and nearly no transmit time. it makes the production speed much faster. so the cycle time will be much shorter.
The using of the SMT line improves the quality a lot while the whole cycle for the finished goods gets shorten to the minimum. which is a huge advantage different from the traditional one. customer will be very glad to hear that.
.
Working flow of the SMT line4.1 How does the SMT line work?
SMT Working Process
Unloader for unloading the finished PCB board.
1. material machine for checking or Manual detection.
2. Loader is for loading the PCB in a row in the setting cycle timing.
3. Solder printing machine is using the palette knife to put the solder even on the panel of PCB for reflow.
4. SPI inspection machine. solder paste inspection is using the optical principle. such as laser technology. to calculate the solder paste thickness printed on PCB by trigonometry.
The test standard is that the area covered by solder paste on each pad shall be greater than 75% of the pad area.
5. Pick and Place machine are for putting the surface original component like electric resistance/capacitance/diode/TR in the right precision position which requires a very high speed. this machine plays a very key important role in the SMT line.
6. AOI machine is for checking the quality, especially the defect after the pick and place machine finished its job.
7. Reflow Oven is for melting and cooling the solder which is located between the original component and the PCB board according to the international temperature standard control.
then the component and PCB board can be melted strongly together and meet the electronic performance. also to needs to be effectively protected from thermal damage and deformation.
8. AOI checking is for the finished original component and PCB board after the process of the reflow oven.
Its function is to inspect the welding quality and assembly quality of the pasted PCB.
The equipment usually has a magnifier and microscope. it automatically scans PCB through the camera. collects images. compares the tested solder joints with the qualified parameters in the database.
then it checks the defects on PCB through image processing. and displays/marks the defects through a display or automatic mark for repair by maintenance personnel.
9. PCB Unloader for unloading the fini shed PCB board.
SMT selection analysis
5.1 One Line With Single-rail Pick and Place Machine Layout
This line is a basic standard production line that including these machines:
Click The Image To Zoom In
Reject Conveyor
is used for rejecting the bad PCB board after the process of reflow oven, which is used to inspect the welding quality and assembly quality of the pasted PCB.5.2 Two-to-One Line With Single-rail Pick and Place Machine Layout
This layout is designed for single-lane pick and place machines with only one dual-rail reflow oven available, it realizes dual-rail production by combining two separated SMT lines into one dual-rail line.
The special machines applied in the layout including ①stacker and magazine combination loader, ②PCB Shuttle Conveyor, ③dual-rail reflow oven, and ④NG/OK unloader.
The advantage of this layout is that the dual-rail production capacity is still applicable when there is only a single-lane pick and place machine available. What’s more, the space is also saved by the application of the PCB Shuttle Conveyor.
Click The Image To Zoom In
①Stacker and magazine combination loader is used for the feeding process of PCB boards. With its two loading structures, it can feed the bare board and double-sided board at the same time. More importantly, Electronicstalk can provide the kind of machine such as the SCL models series.
②PCB Shuttle Conveyor is the more frequently used in complex SMT lines due to its connection characteristic. It makes the SMT line shorter and works as a linkage between different lines.
③Dual-rail reflow oven, it’s used specifically in the dual-rail production line, which doubles the productivity in one machine.
④NG/OK unloader is used for receiving and storing the NG or OK board in dual-line production.
5.3 Two-to-One Line With Dual-rail Pick and Place Machine Layout
This layout is designed based on the ①dual-rail chip mounter and ②dual-rail reflow oven and comes with three related ③dual-rail conveyors for linkage. Also, an additional combination of the production line which including these machines:
Loader, Solder Paste Printer, Conveyor, ④PCB Shuttle Conveyor, ⑤PCB Shuttle Conveyor, Conveyor, Online AOI, ⑥NG/OK Unloader.
The advantage of this layout is that it doubles the production capacity by adding another SMT assembly line. Also, it saved space due to the use of PCB Shuttle Conveyor, dual-rail pick and place machine, and dual-rail reflow oven.
Click The Image To Zoom In
①Dual-rail chip mounter is used for dual-rail production which doubles the mounting speed of PCB board, Electronics can offer the same dual lane chip mounter such as Juki RX-7R model or Samsung SM471PLUS.
②Dual-rail reflow oven is used for double the soldering capacity of PCB board, which Electronicstalk can provide the machine with optional dual-rail such as the RO-1000.
③Dual-rail conveyor is used for delivering PCB board from two lanes onto the next machine. And Electronicstalk can provide this kind of machine as well.
④PCB Shuttle Conveyor is used for redirecting PCB transmission flow by combining two SMT lines into one dual-rail production line. Correspondingly, the PCB Shuttle Conveyor Electronicstalk offers can be customized by traversing distance.
⑤PCB Shuttle Conveyor used here is for separating the dual-rail production line into two single lines.
⑥NG/OK Unloader is used for detecting the good or bad board in the last step of the SMT line after the AOI inspection process. The same product that Electronicstalk can provide is the NU series of models.
5.4 Two-to-One Dual-rail Pick and Place Machine High-speed Layout A
Compared to the last layout, this one added a new type of ①vacuum and magazine combination loader, ②on-line SPI, ③NG buffer, and added another dual-rail pick and place machine to reach a higher placement speed.
The advantage of this layout is that it realizes a higher placement speed and improved the quality yield due to additional pick and place machines and inspection machines than the previous layout.
Click The Image To Zoom In
①Vacuum and magazine combination loader is a new type of loader used for the feeding process of PCB, which can both feed the bare board and double-sided board at the same time.
Electronicstalk can provide the kind of machine which refers to the models of VCL with different dimensions which also support customization.
②On-line SPI used after the solder paste printer to check the PCB printing quality.
③NG buffer is used to store the bad board that comes out from the upper SPI machine.
5.5 Two-to-One Dual-rail Pick and Place Machine High-speed Layout B
The dual-rail layout is the basic design and the feeding speed and capability are improved by changing the loader into a new type of ①stacker and magazine combination loader. Also, compared to the last scheme, it eliminated each on-line SPI and NG buffer, after the solder paste printer. and added another dual-rail pick and place machine to reach an even higher placement speed.
Instead, it directly installs the PCB Shuttle Conveyor after each solder paste printer and puts the ②dual-rail AOI as the quality inspection of the PCB that is delivered out from the dual-rail reflow oven. On top of that, there is a ③dual-rail rejection conveyor applied to reject any bad boards that come out from the AOI machine.
The advantage of this layout is that more space is saved due to more layout of dual-rail machines that have been used in the SMT line. But, the total production speed has increased a lot under nearly the same length of the SMT line.
Click The Image To Zoom In
①Stacker and magazine combination loader is another new type of loader used for the feeding process of PCB. It is just as its name applied, it is able to both feed the bare board and double-sided board at the same time.
Electronicstalk can provide the kind of machine which refers to the models of SCL
②Dual-rail AOI is applied at the dual-rail reflow oven to check the PCB soldering quality, which is convenient for saving additional space for SMT line and machine costs.
③Dual-rail rejection conveyor is used to store the bad board that comes out from the upper dual-rail AOI machine.
5.6 Three-to-One Line With Single-rail Pick and Place Machine Layout
The layout is designed for combining three SMT lines into one.
The special machines applied in the layout include ①stacker and magazine combination loader, ②PCB turning machine, ③Dual-rail PCB turning machine, ④intermediate section conveyor, and ⑤dual-rail reflow oven.
The advantage of this layout is that it successfully makes the three SMT production lines inter-connected, which greatly increased the production capacity with the lowest operating costs and machine footprints.
Click The Image To Zoom In
①Stacker and magazine combination loader both utilized the advantage of stacker and magazine loader, which is suitable for the massive feeding and collection of PCB board.
②PCB turning machine is used to change the flow direction of PCBs at an angle of 90 degrees or 180 degrees, in order to deliver the PCB from two opposite directions onto one line.
③Dual-rail PCB turning machine has just the same features as the last one, but specifically applied in dual rail production.
④Intermediate section conveyor is a nonstandard conveyor that is used for intermediate transmission among multiple assembly lines.
⑤Dual-rail reflow oven is used for the SMT welding process in two guide rails working at the same time, which maximized the production capability and productivity with only one machine.
5.7 Multiple Line Combination Layout
Click The Image To Zoom In
The layout is designed for multiple complex SMT lines.
The left-side machines applied in the layout included a loader, solder paste printer, conveyor, chip mounter, and another conveyor, which counted up to 7 same lines in total.
Recommended article:For more information, please visit Smt Pcb Turn Conveyor 90 Degree.
The right-side machines applied in the layout include a loader, solder paste printer, SPI, conveyor, PCB shuttle conveyor, 2 sets of chip mounter, conveyor, PCB shuttle conveyor, AOI, and another conveyor, which counted up to 4 same lines in total.
Among these 11 lines, there is an ①intermediate section line combiner to make all of them become inter-connected. In addition, there are three sets of reflow ovens are applied, which contain two dual-rail reflow ovens and one single-rail reflow oven. And the three reflow ovens are all connected by a horizontal PCB shuttle conveyor, which realizes the interconnection among all SMT lines in the layout.
For each dual-rail reflow oven, there are corresponding machines of dual-rail conveyor and ②dual-rail unloader.
The advantage of this layout is that it achieves a large complex SMT lines layout in the minimal space taken, which dramatically increased the production capacity with the most efficient layout design.
①Intermediate section line combiner is a nonstandard machine, which functions as supper long SMT line interconnection.
②Dual-rail unloader is applied at the end of the line when there are dual-lane machines in the production line, which is convenient for the collection of PCB board from both guide rails. By the way, Electronicstalk enables us to provide this product which refers to the model of the DR series.
5.8 How to Choose The SMT line?
About the above classifications. base on the automation level of the SMT line. there are full-automation SMT lines and Semi-automation SMT lines.
Full automatic production line refers to the equipment of the whole production line as full-automatic equipment.
All production equipment is connected to an automatic line through an automatic board loading machine. buffer belt and automatic board unloading machine, just like the above 7 layouts only referring to the full auto.
Semi-automatic production line refers to that the main production equipment is not connected or not completely connected. and the printing machine is semi-automatic. Requiring manual printing or manual loading and unloading of printed circuit boards.
The large-scale production line has a large production capacity. The mounter of a large single-sided production line consists of one multi-functional machine and several high-speed machines.
Small and medium-sized production lines are mainly suitable for research institutes and small and medium-sized enterprises to meet the needs of multiple varieties. small and medium batches or single varieties.
However. people can use both full-automatic production lines or semi-automatic production lines for medium and small-batch production tasks.
In a word. the suitable one is the best one. you should choose the SMT line that is matched with the situation of production.
SMT line costs
6.1 how much does the SMT line cost?
Talking about the cost. we should mention the manufacturers or the brand. As you know. the price is highly linked with quality and stability and etc. The brand for the SMT line is mainly from Asia. Europe and America.
Japanese SMT development status and brand: The SMT started early in Japan. there are some brands such as Fuji. Panasonic. Yamaha. Juki. Hitachi(Sanyo). Sony.
Korean SMT brand: Mirae. Samsung. Assembleon.
Brand from Europe and America: Siplace. Universal.
The cost for the SMT line will be different base on the particular situation.
Since the pick and place machine is the very important one in the SMT line. the cost of the pick and place machine is about 60%-70% of the whole SMT line.
And the cost of the pick and place machine is mainly depended on the following factors:
The capacity for the pick and place can be divided into Large. Middle. Small.
The brand for large capacity is Asm. Fuji. Panasonic. The capacity for some of them can reach more than 100.000 CPH.
The price for these brands will be about 700.000 USD which is a really huge cost for most of the companies.
The brand for the middle capacity is Yamaha. Juki. Samsung. The range for theoretical capacity is from 20.000 CPH to 70.000 CPH based on different types. the range for actual capacity is from 12.000 CPH to 35.000 CPH.
The range for the price is from 100.000 USD to 200.000 USD.
The SMT line is for production which requires high accuracy. The accuracy is always measured in microns.
The trend for the component mounted on the SMT line is getting smaller and the function for the component is getting more intelligent.
If the size of a component is 01005.0201.and etc. you need the machine for higher precision. and the cost is more expensive accordingly.
PCB Accuracy
There are limits for the size of the component for the particular pick and place machine. The size of the PCB and component is smaller. the price is more expensive.
The brand mentioned above is usually expensive. hence some people may ask is there any machine with a lower cost?
The answer is yes. As you know there is a need for small capacity and have to change the type of the component frequently in the production. how about the SMT line for that?
Since China is the world factory. the industry for SMT has achieved great development. Some brands have already been sent to the field all over the world.
ElectronicsTalk already combines these brands and provides the competitive machines here you could refer to, it has good performance while the much lower cost which is mainly suitable for research institutes and small and medium-sized enterprises to meet the needs of multiple varieties. small and medium batches or single varieties.
About the cost for the SMT line. based on the information. we knew. most of the brands in Japan. Europe and America are very expensive. maybe at least 8.000.000 USD for each line.
Thus. many factories can barely afford it. and most factories don’t need such a huge capacity. The cost for the SMT line in China. it is only 1/10 of the cost compared to others in the world.
So how to choose the SMT line based on the critical needs and the development of the factory?
7.1 How to install the SMT line?
SMT line is composed of a series of high-precision equipment. in order to ensure the correct installation and smooth operation of the SMT line.
We should make the bearing capacity of the plant floor greater than 8KN/㎡. and control the vibration within 70 dB. the maximum value shall not exceed 80dB. also, the noise shall be within 70dBA.
For the Gas source. according to the requirements of the equipment. the pressure of the air source can be configured. The air source of the factory can be used. or the oil-free compressed air machine can be configured separately.
The general pressure is greater than 7kg /c㎡. and we also demand clean and dry purified air.
Therefore. we should remove the oil. dust and water from the compressed air. what is more. we should use stainless steel or pressure-resistant plastic pipe as the air pipe.
For the Exhaust air. reflow oven shall have an exhaust fan. For full hot blast furnace. the minimum flow value of the exhaust pipe is 500 cubic feet/min (14.15m3 / min).
For the environment. there has to be a dust-free workshop. SMT line dust-free workshop is simply an assembly or assembly workshop with cleanliness requirements for the implementation of surface mounting or surface assembly technology.
1、Architectural design of SMT dust free workshop
The architectural design of an SMT dust-free workshop should pay attention to two aspects: ventilation and anti-static.
SMT working shop
2、 Environment design of SMT dust-free workshop
The environmental design of an SMT dust-free workshop should pay attention to three aspects: temperature. humidity and air cleanliness.
Specifically. we should control the humidity in the dust-free workshop of SMT within 45% – 70% RH. and the minimum requirement shall be 30% – 55% RH or 40% – 80% RH.
If the dust content in the air is too large. it will inevitably affect the assembly or assembly of materials. and increase the wear rate of the equipment. resulting in equipment failure.
The minimum standard of indoor air cleanliness is 100000. the carbon dioxide content is controlled below 1000 ppm. and the carbon monoxide content is controlled below 10 ppm.
3、Power supply design of SMT dust-free workshop
The power supply voltage and power in the dust-free workshop of SMT must be stable. specifically. single-phase AC220V (220 ± 10%. 50 / 60Hz). three-phase AC380V (220 ± 10%. 50 / 60Hz).
If we can not meet these requirements. we should prepare a regulated power supply. and the power of the power supply should be more than 1 times the power consumption of the equipment.
The SMT line is faced with large-scale electronic assembly production with high production capacity and high quality. SMT line is the basis of production. At present. it has the following development trends:
At present. electronic products are developing in the direction of fast update. multi variety and small batch. which requires SMT’s production preparation time to be as short as possible.
In order to achieve this goal. it is necessary to overcome the problem that the design link and production link are disconnected. and the application of CIMS can completely solve this problem.
Computer/contemporary Integrated Manufacturing Systems
CIMS is a comprehensive automation system which takes database as the center. transfers the data in the design environment to each automatic processing equipment with the help of computer network.
Besides. it can control and supervise these automatic processing equipment. forming a whole range of activities including design and manufacturing. testing. production process management. material supply and product marketing management.
CIMS can bring remarkable economic benefits to enterprises: improve product quality. effective utilization of equipment and flexible manufacturing capacity. greatly shorten product design cycle and market time. etc.
Because CIMS has so many advantages. it can be predicted that CIMS will be more and more widely used in SMT production line.
High production efficiency is an important indicator to measure the performance of SMT production line.
The production efficiency of SMT production line is reflected in the productivity efficiency and control efficiency. Capacity efficiency refers to the comprehensive capacity of SMT line equipment.
so that we can elimminate the interference of human factors in the whole production process. and we can improve the production speed of products greatly. so as to improve the production efficiency;
②some SMT production lines are developing from the traditional one-way on-line production to the two-way on-line production. then we can improve the production efficiency and save the floor area.
The high-efficiency SMT production line has developed from single line production to double line production. which improves the production efficiency while reducing the floor area.
The control efficiency includes conversion. process control optimization and management optimization.
The control mode has developed from the traditional step-by-step control mode to the centralized online optimization control. and the conversion time of production board is becoming shorter and shorter.
At present. many foreign enterprises are using production management software to implement centralized online control management for the whole SMT line. which can monitor and count the production process parameters of each equipment.
therefore. as to ensure that each machine works under normal conditions and greatly improve the management efficiency and production efficiency of the SMT line.
Nowadays. the earth where people live has been damaged to varying degrees by people. As a part of industrial production. SMT line with SMT equipment as the main part will destroy our living environment without exception.
From packaging materials. glue. solder paste. flux and other SMT process materials of electronic components to the production process of SMT production line. there are all kinds of environmental pollutions.
The more SMT production lines are. the larger the scale is. the more serious the pollution is. Therefore. the new SMT production line is developing towards green line.
The concept of line refers to the requirement of environmental protection should be considered from the beginning of SMT production. SMT patch factory analyzes the pollution sources and degree that will appear in SMT production.
With the development of grid information technology and Internet information technology. the product data management and process information control of SMT production line will be gradually improved.
What is more. the maintenance management of the production line will realize digital information. and the new SMT production line will develop towards the flexible production environment of information integration.
79
0
0
Comments
All Comments (0)