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One of the most popular metals in the manufacturing sector is aluminum. It is renowned for being extremely light and having a great strength-to-weight ratio. To develop materials with unique qualities appropriate to different industries, aluminum is combined with additional elements, including copper, magnesium, silicon, and zinc, to create aluminum alloys.
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All kinds of products, including consumer electronics, packaging, and parts for automobiles and airplanes, employ these alloys. Aluminum alloys come in many forms, and their particular compositions and traits tailor them to unique purposes. This article will delve into the definition, traits, categories, characteristics, and uses of aluminum alloys.
Aluminum is a metal that can be combined with other elements, including copper, magnesium, silicon, zinc, and manganese, to alter its mechanical and physical qualities. These metals are added in specific proportions to achieve the desired properties for a given application. For instance, combining magnesium with aluminum can result in a strong, light alloy ideal for use in the aerospace and automotive industries. Aluminum alloys see extensive use in many industries because of their low density, resistance to corrosion, and thermal conductivity. Many items, including consumer electronics, automobiles, and aircraft, are made from aluminum alloys. For more information, see our guide on Aluminum.
Naturally occurring compounds that contain aluminum have been known since antiquity. However, aluminum's elemental nature as a metal wasn't confirmed until 1825, thanks to the efforts of German chemist Friedrich Wöhler and Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted. After its discovery, aluminum was difficult to process and cost more than gold. The price didn't start to drop until Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville, a French chemist, started the first industrial manufacture in 1856. It would be an additional 50 years before duralumin, the first structural aluminum alloy with appreciable strength, was created with military and industrial purposes in mind.
The following are some typical elements found in aluminum alloys:
It is important to remember that many additional metallic and non-metallic elements can be added to aluminum alloys to further improve their properties. For example, chromium can increase corrosion resistance, while magnesium can add strength and toughness. Because of this, many aluminum alloys are available, each with a distinctive set of properties and potential uses.
Here are the characteristics of aluminum alloys:
However, since these traits can differ significantly depending on the particular alloy in question, it is crucial to refer to the pertinent material data sheet to gain a precise understanding of a given alloy's characteristics.
Most aluminum alloys have a metallic silver-gray color. This is caused by the material's surface oxidation, which naturally forms a thin layer of aluminum oxide. However, different finishing techniques, like anodizing, painting, or powder coating, can change how they look.
Figure 1 is an example of an aluminum alloy:
The difference in the properties and characteristics of the alloys determines which applications each is best suited for.
7075 alloy doesn't have the best formability and weldability. However, it excels in high-stress applications that require strength. 7075 is also referred to as an "aircraft grade" alloy because it is one of the highest strength aluminum alloys on the market.
It’s used for spacecraft, aircraft missiles, and other defense applications. It is also commonly used in parts subjected to high wear and tear, military applications, and structural materials.
6061 aluminum alloy is more versatile because of its workability, corrosion resistance, strength, and joinability. It has a vast range of applications, including welded assemblies, electronics, structural materials, piping, and fasteners. It is used across various industries in applications including:
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• Furniture
• Aircraft fittings and structure
• Yachts, sailboats, marine fittings, and other shipbuilding hardware
• Trucks, brakes, bus bodies, hydraulic pistons, and other automotive applications
• Mouldings
• Awnings
• Food and beverage cans
• Appliance fittings
6061 aluminum comes in various forms, including aluminum plate, aluminum bar, and aluminum tube.
Aluminum has the same density. However, because these are alloys made by adding other metals with different densities, the density of the alloy will change. Density is one of the most essential characteristics to consider when comparing the physical properties of metals.
7075 aluminum has a density of 2.81g/cm3, which is higher than that of pure aluminum. The alloy can also be strengthened using heat treatment processes, with the most common temper being 7075-T6.
6061 aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. It is about the same as pure aluminum metal, largely because of the high amount of aluminum the alloy contains.
The alloys also have different mechanical properties with varying compositions in types and concentrations of alloying elements.
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