Choosing the Right Pump for Your Application

Pumps are essential pieces of equipment in a wide variety of industries, from agriculture to asphalt to chemical processing. The right pump can help you move fluids efficiently and reliably, but the wrong pump can lead to costly downtime and productivity losses.

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That's why it's so important to choose the right pump for your application. There are many factors to consider when selecting a pump, including the fluid being pumped, the flow rate required, the pressure needed, and the application environment.

In this guide, we will discuss the key factors to consider when choosing a pump. We will also provide a brief overview of the different types of pumps available.

Illustrative photo by @ThisIsEngineering

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Pump

By considering all of the factors involved in choosing a pump, professionals can ensure that they choose the right pump for their application and avoid costly mistakes. Choosing the right pump for your application is essential for ensuring the safe, efficient, reliable, compliant, and peace-of-mind operation of your equipment.

When choosing a pump, there are many factors to consider, including:

• Fluid being pumped: The first step is to identify the fluid that will be pumped. Different fluids have different properties, such as viscosity, corrosiveness, and temperature, which can affect the pump selection.
• Viscosity: Viscosity is a measure of how thick or thin a fluid is. Pumps that are designed for pumping low-viscosity fluids (such as water) may not be able to pump high-viscosity fluids (such as oil).
• Corrosiveness: Some fluids are corrosive and can damage the pump if it is not made of the right material.
• Temperature: The temperature of the fluid can also affect the pump selection. Pumps that are designed for pumping hot fluids may not be able to pump cold fluids.
• Flow rate: The flow rate is the amount of fluid that needs to be pumped per unit of time. The pump must be able to provide the required flow rate to meet the demands of the application.
• Pressure: The pressure is the force that the pump must exert on the fluid to move it. The pump must be able to provide the required pressure to overcome the resistance of the fluid and the piping system.
• Application environment: The pump must be able to operate safely in the application environment. This includes factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of corrosive or hazardous materials.
• Cost: Pumps can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. Make sure to factor in the cost of the pump when making your decision.
• Warranty: Most pumps come with a warranty. Make sure to read the warranty carefully so that you understand what is covered.
• Service & support: Make sure that the pump manufacturer offers good service and support. This will be important if you ever need to troubleshoot or repair the pump.

Types of Pumps

There are many different types of pumps available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The following are some of the most common types of pumps:

Illustrative photo by Rohit Chaudhary

Centrifugal pumps

Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump. They are simple and efficient, and they can be used to pump a wide variety of fluids. They are simple and efficient, and they can be used to pump a wide variety of fluids. Centrifugal pumps work by rotating a impeller, which creates a centrifugal force that forces the fluid outward. The fluid then flows through the pump housing and out the discharge port.

Centrifugal pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Simple design: Centrifugal pumps are relatively simple to design and manufacture, which makes them relatively inexpensive.
• Efficient: Centrifugal pumps are very efficient, which means they use less energy to pump fluids than other types of pumps.
• Versatile: Centrifugal pumps can be used to pump a wide variety of fluids, including water, oil, chemicals, and slurries.
• Durable: Centrifugal pumps are durable and can withstand harsh conditions.
• Reliable: Centrifugal pumps are reliable and have a long lifespan.

Centrifugal pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Water pumping: Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to pump water for irrigation, drinking water, and wastewater treatment.
• Chemical pumping: Centrifugal pumps are used to pump chemicals in industrial applications.
• Slurry pumping: Centrifugal pumps are used to pump slurries, which are mixtures of solids and fluids.
• Air conditioning and refrigeration: Centrifugal pumps are used to circulate refrigerant in air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Here are some additional advantages of centrifugal pumps:

• Compact size: Centrifugal pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.
• Low noise: Centrifugal pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Easy to maintain: Centrifugal pumps are easy to maintain and repair.

Overall, centrifugal pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are simple to design and manufacture, efficient, durable, reliable, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a centrifugal pump is a good option to consider.

The Revolution® Series is a positive displacement pump by @VikingPump

Positive displacement pumps

Positive displacement pumps move fluid by trapping a fixed volume of fluid and then forcing it out. This type of pump is well-suited for pumping fluids with high viscosity or abrasive materials. Positive displacement pumps are also a good choice for applications where a constant flow rate is required.

There are many different types of positive displacement pumps, including:

• Gear pumps: Gear pumps use two gears to trap and move fluid. They are well-suited for pumping low-viscosity fluids.
• Vane pumps: Vane pumps use a rotor with vanes to trap and move fluid. They are also well-suited for pumping low-viscosity fluids.
• Rotary lobe pumps: Rotary lobe pumps use two or more rotors to trap and move fluid. They are well-suited for pumping viscous fluids.
• Peristaltic pumps: Peristaltic pumps use a flexible tube to trap and move fluid. They are well-suited for pumping delicate fluids.
• Diaphragm pumps: Diaphragm pumps use a flexible diaphragm to trap and move fluid. They are well-suited for pumping fluids that are hazardous or flammable.

Positive displacement pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Constant flow rate: Positive displacement pumps deliver a constant flow rate, regardless of the pressure.
• Ability to pump high viscosity fluids: Positive displacement pumps can pump fluids with high viscosity, which makes them a good choice for applications where other types of pumps would not be effective.
• Abrasive resistance: Positive displacement pumps are resistant to abrasive materials, which makes them a good choice for applications where the fluid contains abrasive particles.
• Compact size: Positive displacement pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.

Positive displacement pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Chemical pumping: Positive displacement pumps are used to pump chemicals in industrial applications.
• Food and beverage processing: Positive displacement pumps are used to pump food and beverage products.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Positive displacement pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Water treatment: Positive displacement pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of positive displacement pumps:

• Low noise: Positive displacement pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Easy to maintain: Positive displacement pumps are easy to maintain and repair.

Overall, positive displacement pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity or abrasive materials. Positive displacement pumps also deliver a constant flow rate, which makes them a good choice for applications where a consistent flow rate is required. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a positive displacement pump is a good option to consider.

Illustrative photo by Branimir Barišić

Diaphragm pumps

Diaphragm pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses a flexible diaphragm to move fluid. The diaphragm is alternately flexed and relaxed by a mechanical actuator, such as a piston or a motor. As the diaphragm flexes, it creates a vacuum on one side of the pump chamber, which draws fluid into the chamber. When the diaphragm relaxes, it forces the fluid out of the chamber.

Diaphragm pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Self-priming: Diaphragm pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Ability to pump hazardous or flammable fluids: Diaphragm pumps are well-suited for pumping hazardous or flammable fluids because the diaphragm acts as a barrier between the fluid and the pump mechanisms. This makes them a good choice for applications where there is a risk of fire or explosion.
• Quiet operation: Diaphragm pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Easy to maintain: Diaphragm pumps are relatively easy to maintain and repair.

Diaphragm pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Chemical pumping: Diaphragm pumps are used to pump chemicals in industrial applications.
• Food and beverage processing: Diaphragm pumps are used to pump food and beverage products.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Diaphragm pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Water treatment: Diaphragm pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of diaphragm pumps:

• Durable: Diaphragm pumps are durable and can withstand harsh conditions.
• Reliable: Diaphragm pumps are reliable and have a long lifespan.
• Versatile: Diaphragm pumps can be used to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity or abrasive materials.

Overall, diaphragm pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity or abrasive materials. Diaphragm pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a diaphragm pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about diaphragm pumps:

• Diaphragm materials: The diaphragm is the most important part of a diaphragm pump. It is made from a flexible material that can withstand the pressure and temperature of the fluid being pumped. Common diaphragm materials include rubber, neoprene, and silicone.
• Actuator: The actuator is the mechanism that flexes and relaxes the diaphragm. Common actuators include pistons, motors, and pneumatic cylinders.
• Valves: Diaphragm pumps typically have two valves, a suction valve and a discharge valve. The suction valve opens when the diaphragm flexes, drawing fluid into the pump chamber. The discharge valve opens when the diaphragm relaxes, forcing fluid out of the pump chamber.
• Bearings: Diaphragm pumps typically have bearings to support the rotating parts of the pump. The bearings are made from a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.

The Classic+ Series&#; / MultiPump® Series by @VikingPump

Rotary lobe pumps

Rotary lobe pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses two or more rotating lobes to move fluid. The lobes are typically made of a soft material, such as rubber or plastic, which allows them to flex and create a seal between the pump chambers. As the lobes rotate, they trap fluid in the pump chambers and then force it out of the pump.

Rotary lobe pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Ability to pump viscous fluids: Rotary lobe pumps can pump fluids with high viscosity, which makes them a good choice for applications where other types of pumps would not be effective.
• Abrasive resistance: Rotary lobe pumps are resistant to abrasive materials, which makes them a good choice for applications where the fluid contains abrasive particles.
• Self-priming: Rotary lobe pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Quiet operation: Rotary lobe pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Easy to maintain: Rotary lobe pumps are relatively easy to maintain and repair.

Rotary lobe pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Chemical pumping: Rotary lobe pumps are used to pump chemicals in industrial applications.
• Food and beverage processing: Rotary lobe pumps are used to pump food and beverage products.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Rotary lobe pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Water treatment: Rotary lobe pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of rotary lobe pumps:

• Compact size: Rotary lobe pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.
• Variable speed operation: Rotary lobe pumps can be operated at variable speeds, which allows for precise control of the flow rate.
• Multi-phase pumping: Rotary lobe pumps can be used to pump fluids that contain both liquids and solids.

Overall, rotary lobe pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity or abrasive materials. Rotary lobe pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a rotary lobe pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about rotary lobe pumps:

• Lobe materials: The lobes are the most important part of a rotary lobe pump. They are typically made of a soft material, such as rubber or plastic, which allows them to flex and create a seal between the pump chambers.
• Lobe configuration: The lobe configuration can affect the performance of the pump. Common lobe configurations include parallel lobes, opposed lobes, and intermeshing lobes.
• Drive mechanism: Rotary lobe pumps can be driven by a variety of mechanisms, including electric motors, hydraulic motors, and pneumatic motors.
• Seals: Rotary lobe pumps typically have seals to prevent the fluid from leaking out of the pump. The seals are made from a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.

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Qdos Metering Pump by Watson Marlow

Peristaltic pumps

Peristaltic pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses a flexible tube to move fluid. The tube is held in place by a series of rollers or fingers. As the rollers or fingers rotate, they squeeze the tube, creating a series of chambers. Fluid is drawn into the first chamber as the rollers or fingers move away from it. As the rollers or fingers move towards the chamber, the fluid is forced out.

Peristaltic pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Ability to pump delicate fluids: Peristaltic pumps are gentle on fluids, making them a good choice for pumping fluids that are sensitive to shear stress, such as food products and pharmaceuticals.
• Self-priming: Peristaltic pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Quiet operation: Peristaltic pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Easy to maintain: Peristaltic pumps are relatively easy to maintain and repair.

Peristaltic pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Food and beverage processing: Peristaltic pumps are used to pump food products and beverages.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Peristaltic pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Chemical processing: Peristaltic pumps are used to pump chemicals.
• Water treatment: Peristaltic pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of peristaltic pumps:

• Variable speed operation: Peristaltic pumps can be operated at variable speeds, which allows for precise control of the flow rate.
• Multi-phase pumping: Peristaltic pumps can be used to pump fluids that contain both liquids and solids.
• No seals or valves: Peristaltic pumps have no seals or valves, which makes them leak-proof and easy to clean.

Overall, peristaltic pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those that are delicate, sensitive to shear stress, or contain solids. Peristaltic pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a peristaltic pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about peristaltic pumps:

• Tube materials: The tube is the most important part of a peristaltic pump. It is typically made of a soft material, such as rubber or plastic, which allows it to be squeezed by the rollers or fingers without breaking.
• Roller or finger materials: The rollers or fingers are also important parts of a peristaltic pump. They are typically made of a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.
• Speed control: Peristaltic pumps can be speed controlled by varying the speed of the motor that drives the rollers or fingers.
• Cleaning: Peristaltic pumps are easy to clean. The tube can be removed and replaced, and the rollers or fingers can be cleaned with a mild detergent.

Peristaltic pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those that are delicate, sensitive to shear stress, or contain solids. Peristaltic pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a peristaltic pump is a good option to consider.

Illustrative photo by Kalidash

Gear pumps

Gear pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses two gears to move fluid. The gears are typically made of metal, such as steel or brass. As the gears rotate, they mesh together, trapping fluid between them. The fluid is then forced out of the pump as the gears continue to rotate.

Gear pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Low cost: Gear pumps are relatively inexpensive to purchase and operate.
• Simple design: Gear pumps are simple to design and manufacture, which makes them reliable and easy to maintain.
• Versatile: Gear pumps can be used to pump a variety of fluids, including water, oil, and chemicals.
• Self-priming: Gear pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Quiet operation: Gear pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.

Gear pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Food and beverage processing: Gear pumps are used to pump food products and beverages.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Gear pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Chemical processing: Gear pumps are used to pump chemicals.
• Water treatment: Gear pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of gear pumps:

• Compact size: Gear pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.
• Variable speed operation: Gear pumps can be operated at variable speeds, which allows for precise control of the flow rate.
• Long lifespan: Gear pumps have a long lifespan, making them a good investment for businesses.

Overall, gear pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with low viscosity. Gear pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a gear pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about gear pumps:

• Gear materials: The gears are the most important part of a gear pump. They are typically made of metal, such as steel or brass. The gears must be able to withstand the pressure and temperature of the fluid being pumped.
• Gear design: The gear design can affect the performance of the pump. Common gear designs include external gear pumps and internal gear pumps.
• Drive mechanism: Gear pumps can be driven by a variety of mechanisms, including electric motors, hydraulic motors, and pneumatic motors.
• Seals: Gear pumps typically have seals to prevent the fluid from leaking out of the pump. The seals are made from a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.

Gear pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with low viscosity. Gear pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a gear pump is a good option to consider.

LVP Series&#; vane pump by @VikingPump

Vane pumps

Vane pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses vanes to move fluid. The vanes are typically made of a flexible material, such as rubber or plastic. As the rotor rotates, the vanes are forced against the inner wall of the pump housing, trapping fluid between them. The fluid is then forced out of the pump as the rotor continues to rotate.

Vane pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• Low cost: Vane pumps are relatively inexpensive to purchase and operate.
• Simple design: Vane pumps are simple to design and manufacture, which makes them reliable and easy to maintain.
• Versatile: Vane pumps can be used to pump a variety of fluids, including water, oil, and chemicals.
• Self-priming: Vane pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Quiet operation: Vane pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.

Vane pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Food and beverage processing: Vane pumps are used to pump food products and beverages.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Vane pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Chemical processing: Vane pumps are used to pump chemicals.
• Water treatment: Vane pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of vane pumps:

• Compact size: Vane pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.
• Variable speed operation: Vane pumps can be operated at variable speeds, which allows for precise control of the flow rate.
• Long lifespan: Vane pumps have a long lifespan, making them a good investment for businesses.

Overall, vane pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with low viscosity. Vane pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a vane pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about vane pumps:

• Vane materials: The vanes are the most important part of a vane pump. They are typically made of a flexible material, such as rubber or plastic. The vanes must be able to withstand the pressure and temperature of the fluid being pumped.
• Rotor design: The rotor design can affect the performance of the pump. Common rotor designs include single vane pumps and multiple vane pumps.
• Drive mechanism: Vane pumps can be driven by a variety of mechanisms, including electric motors, hydraulic motors, and pneumatic motors.
• Seals: Vane pumps typically have seals to prevent the fluid from leaking out of the pump. The seals are made from a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.

Vane pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with low viscosity. Vane pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and easy to maintain. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a vane pump is a good option to consider.

Illustrative photo by Hein Miessner

Screw pumps

Screw pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses two screws to move fluid. The screws are typically made of metal, such as steel or brass. As the screws rotate, they mesh together, trapping fluid between them. The fluid is then forced out of the pump as the screws continue to rotate.

Screw pumps have a number of advantages, including:

• High efficiency: Screw pumps are very efficient, which means they use less energy to pump fluids than other types of pumps.
• Versatile: Screw pumps can be used to pump a variety of fluids, including water, oil, and chemicals.
• Self-priming: Screw pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device.
• Quiet operation: Screw pumps are relatively quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.
• Long lifespan: Screw pumps have a long lifespan, making them a good investment for businesses.

Screw pumps are a good choice for a wide variety of applications, including:

• Food and beverage processing: Screw pumps are used to pump food products and beverages.
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Screw pumps are used to pump pharmaceutical products.
• Chemical processing: Screw pumps are used to pump chemicals.
• Water treatment: Screw pumps are used to pump water for treatment and distribution.

Here are some additional advantages of screw pumps:

• Compact size: Screw pumps can be made in a variety of sizes, including compact pumps that are ideal for small applications.
• Variable speed operation: Screw pumps can be operated at variable speeds, which allows for precise control of the flow rate.
• Smooth flow: Screw pumps produce a smooth flow of fluid, which is gentle on the fluid and the pump.
• Low maintenance: Screw pumps are relatively low-maintenance, making them a cost-effective option for businesses.

Overall, screw pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity. Screw pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and long-lasting. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a screw pump is a good option to consider.

Here are some additional details about screw pumps:

• Screw materials: The screws are the most important part of a screw pump. They are typically made of metal, such as steel or brass. The screws must be able to withstand the pressure and temperature of the fluid being pumped.
• Screw design: The screw design can affect the performance of the pump. Common screw designs include single screw pumps and twin screw pumps.
• Drive mechanism: Screw pumps can be driven by a variety of mechanisms, including electric motors, hydraulic motors, and pneumatic motors.
• Seals: Screw pumps typically have seals to prevent the fluid from leaking out of the pump. The seals are made from a material that is compatible with the fluid being pumped.

Screw pumps are a versatile and reliable type of pump that is well-suited for a wide variety of applications. They are able to pump a variety of fluids, including those with high viscosity. Screw pumps are also self-priming, quiet, and long-lasting. If you are looking for a pump for your application, a screw pump is a good option to consider.

Vacuum pumps

Vacuum pumps (also known as blowers) are a type of pump that creates a partial vacuum, or low pressure, by removing air or gas from a sealed chamber. Vacuum pumps are used in a variety of applications, including:

• Industrial: Vacuum pumps are used in industrial applications such as food processing, manufacturing, and chemical processing.
• Scientific: Vacuum pumps are used in scientific applications such as laboratory research and astronomy.
• Medical: Vacuum pumps are used in medical applications such as surgery and blood donation.

There are many different types of vacuum pumps, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common types of vacuum pumps include:

• Rotary vane pumps: Rotary vane pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses rotating vanes to create a vacuum. Rotary vane pumps are relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain. However, they are not very efficient and can only create a low vacuum.
• Scroll pumps: Scroll pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that uses two scrolls to create a vacuum. Scroll pumps are more efficient than rotary vane pumps and can create a higher vacuum. However, they are more expensive and complex to maintain.
• Turbomolecular pumps: Turbomolecular pumps are a type of kinetic energy pump that uses rotating blades to remove gas molecules from a sealed chamber. Turbomolecular pumps are the most efficient type of vacuum pump and can create a very high vacuum. However, they are also the most expensive type of vacuum pump and require regular maintenance.

Advantages of vacuum pumps:

• Ability to create a vacuum: Vacuum pumps are able to create a vacuum, or low pressure, which is useful for a variety of applications.
• Versatile: Vacuum pumps can be used in a variety of applications, including industrial, scientific, medical, and household.
• Portable: Some vacuum pumps are portable, which makes them easy to transport to different locations.
• Efficient: Some vacuum pumps are very efficient, which means they use less energy to create a vacuum.
• Quiet: Some vacuum pumps are quiet, which makes them a good choice for applications where noise is a concern.

Disadvantages of vacuum pumps:

• Cost & Maintenance: Vacuum pumps can be expensive, especially the more powerful and efficient models. Additionally, some vacuum pumps require regular maintenance, which can be costly.
• More Rigorous Safety Needed: Vacuum pumps can create a hazardous environment if the vacuum is too high. This is because the low pressure can cause liquids to boil and solids to sublimate.

Overall, vacuum pumps are a versatile and useful tool that can be used in a variety of applications. They are able to create a vacuum, which is useful for a variety of tasks. However, vacuum pumps can be expensive and require regular maintenance. (also known as blowers): Vacuum pumps are used to create a vacuum, which can be used to draw fluids into a container or to remove air from a sealed system. They are well-suited for pumping gases or vapors.

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Choosing the Right Pump

Choosing the right pump for your application can be a daunting task. There are many different factors to consider, such as the type of fluid, the flow rate, the pressure, and the cost.

Here are some tips for choosing the right pump for your application:

Identify the type of fluid you will be pumping

The type of fluid you will be pumping is one of the most important factors to consider when choosing a pump. Different fluids have different properties, and not all pumps are compatible with all fluids. For example, some pumps are only designed for water, while others can handle more corrosive or abrasive fluids.

Here are some of the factors to consider when identifying the type of fluid you will be pumping:

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• Viscosity: Viscosity is a measure of how thick or thin a fluid is. Pumps that are designed for water may not be able to handle fluids with high viscosity, such as oil or syrup.
• Corrosiveness: Some fluids are corrosive, and can damage the pump if they are not compatible. It is important to choose a pump that is made from materials that are resistant to corrosion.
• Abrasiveness: Some fluids are abrasive, and can wear down the pump over time. It is important to choose a pump that is made from materials that are resistant to abrasion.
• Temperature: The temperature of the fluid can also affect the performance of the pump. Some pumps are only designed for use with cold fluids, while others can handle hot fluids.

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It is important to identify the type of fluid you will be pumping and choose a pump that is compatible with the fluid. By doing so, you can help to ensure that the pump will perform well and last for a long time.

Here are some additional tips for identifying the type of fluid you will be pumping:

• Read the fluid's safety data sheet (SDS). The SDS will provide information about the fluid's properties, such as viscosity, corrosiveness, and abrasiveness.
• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure what type of fluid you will be pumping, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that is right for you.
• Do some research online. There are many websites that provide information about different types of fluids. You can also read reviews of pumps to get an idea of how well they perform with different fluids.

By following these tips, you can identify the type of fluid you will be pumping and choose a pump that is compatible with the fluid. This will help to ensure that the pump will perform well and last for a long time.

1. Determine the flow rate you need. The flow rate is the amount of fluid that the pump will move per unit of time. It is important to choose a pump that can handle the required flow rate for your application.
2. Consider the pressure requirements. The pressure is the force that the pump will need to exert to move the fluid. It is important to choose a pump that can handle the required pressure for your application.
3. Set a budget. Pumps can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. It is important to set a budget before you start shopping so that you don't overspend.
4. Consider the size and weight of the pump. If you will be moving the pump around, it is important to choose a pump that is not too large or heavy.
5. Look for features that are important to you. Some pumps have features such as variable speed control, self-priming capabilities, and quiet operation. If these features are important to you, be sure to choose a pump that has them.

Once you have considered all of these factors, you should be able to choose the right pump for your application.

Here are some additional tips for choosing the right pump:

• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure what type of pump you need, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that is right for you.
• Read reviews. Before you buy a pump, read reviews from other people who have used it. This can give you a good idea of how well the pump performs and if it is worth the price.
• Buy from a reputable dealer. When you buy a pump, be sure to buy from a reputable dealer. This will ensure that you get a quality pump that is backed by a warranty.

By following these tips, you can choose the right pump for your application and avoid making a costly mistake.

Determine the flow rate you need

The flow rate is the amount of fluid that the pump will move per unit of time. It is important to determine the flow rate you need before you choose a pump. If you choose a pump that is not powerful enough, it will not be able to move the required amount of fluid. This can lead to problems such as flooding, overheating, and damage to the pump.

Here are some factors to consider when determining the flow rate you need:

• The size of the tank or container you are pumping from. The larger the tank or container, the more flow rate you will need.
• The distance you need to pump the fluid. The further you need to pump the fluid, the more flow rate you will need.
• The pressure requirements. The higher the pressure requirements, the more flow rate you will need.
• The type of fluid you are pumping. Some fluids are more viscous than others, and will require more flow rate to move.

Once you have considered all of these factors, you should be able to determine the flow rate you need. It is important to choose a pump that can handle the required flow rate. By doing so, you can help to ensure that the pump will perform well and meet your needs.

Here are some additional tips for determining the flow rate you need:

• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure how to determine the flow rate you need, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that is right for you.
• Use a flow meter. A flow meter is a device that can measure the flow rate of a fluid. If you have access to a flow meter, you can use it to measure the flow rate of the fluid you will be pumping.
• Do some research online. There are many websites that provide information about flow rates. You can also read reviews of pumps to get an idea of how well they perform with different flow rates.

By following these tips, you can determine the flow rate you need and choose a pump that is right for you. This will help to ensure that the pump will perform well and meet your needs.

Consider the pressure requirements

The pressure is the force that the pump will need to exert to move the fluid. It is important to consider the pressure requirements before you choose a pump. If you choose a pump that is not powerful enough, it will not be able to move the fluid to the required pressure. This can lead to problems such as flooding, overheating, and damage to the pump.

Here are some factors to consider when considering the pressure requirements:

• The height you need to pump the fluid. The higher you need to pump the fluid, the more pressure you will need.
• The resistance of the pipes or hoses you are pumping through. The more resistance the pipes or hoses have, the more pressure you will need.
• The type of fluid you are pumping. Some fluids are more viscous than others, and will require more pressure to move.

Once you have considered all of these factors, you should be able to determine the pressure requirements. It is important to choose a pump that can handle the required pressure. By doing so, you can help to ensure that the pump will perform well and meet your needs.

Here are some additional tips for considering the pressure requirements:

• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure how to determine the pressure requirements, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that is right for you.
• Use a pressure gauge. A pressure gauge is a device that can measure the pressure of a fluid. If you have access to a pressure gauge, you can use it to measure the pressure of the fluid you will be pumping.

By following these tips, you can determine the pressure requirements and choose a pump that is right for you. This will help to ensure that the pump will perform well and meet your needs.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when considering the pressure requirements of a pump:

• The higher the pressure, the more expensive the pump will be.
• Pumps that can handle high pressure tend to be larger and heavier than pumps that can handle lower pressure.
• Pumps that can handle high pressure may require special safety precautions, such as guards and ventilation.

It is important to weigh the cost, size, weight, and safety requirements of a pump when considering the pressure requirements. By doing so, you can choose a pump that is right for your needs and budget.

Consider the size and weight of the pump

The size and weight of the pump are important factors to consider, especially if you will be moving the pump around. If you need a pump that is small and lightweight, you will have more options to choose from. However, if you need a pump that is large and heavy, you will have fewer options to choose from.

Here are some factors to consider when considering the size and weight of the pump:

• The size and weight of the pump should be compatible with the application. For example, if you need a pump to move a small amount of fluid over a short distance, you can choose a small and lightweight pump. However, if you need a pump to move a large amount of fluid over a long distance, you will need a large and heavy pump.
• The size and weight of the pump should be compatible with the storage space. If you will be storing the pump in a small space, you will need to choose a small and lightweight pump.
• The size and weight of the pump should be compatible with the lifting and moving equipment. If you will be moving the pump by hand, you will need to choose a small and lightweight pump. However, if you will be moving the pump with a forklift or other lifting equipment, you can choose a larger and heavier pump.

Once you have considered all of these factors, you should be able to determine the size and weight of the pump you need. It is important to choose a pump that is the right size and weight for your application and budget.

Here are some additional tips for considering the size and weight of the pump:

• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure how to determine the size and weight of the pump you need, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that is right for you.
• Read the pump's specifications. The pump's specifications will typically include the size and weight of the pump.

By following these tips, you can determine the size and weight of the pump you need and choose a pump that is right for you. This will help to ensure that the pump is easy to use and store.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when considering the size and weight of a pump:

• The larger and heavier the pump, the more expensive it will be.
• Larger and heavier pumps may require special lifting and moving equipment.
• Larger and heavier pumps may be more difficult to store.

It is important to weigh the cost, lifting and moving requirements, and storage requirements of a pump when considering the size and weight. By doing so, you can choose a pump that is right for your needs and budget.

Look for features that are important to you

The features of a pump are important factors to consider, as they can affect the performance, efficiency, and ease of use of the pump. Some of the most common features to look for include:

• Variable speed control: Variable speed control allows you to adjust the speed of the pump, which can be useful for controlling the flow rate and pressure of the fluid.
• Self-priming: Self-priming pumps can draw fluid up from a low suction point without the need for a priming device. This can be useful for applications where the fluid level is low or the pump is located below the fluid level.
• Quiet operation: Quiet operation is important for applications where noise is a concern, such as residential or office settings.
• Durability: Durability is important for applications where the pump will be used in harsh conditions, such as industrial or outdoor settings.
• Warranty: A warranty can provide peace of mind in the event that the pump malfunctions.

Once you have considered all of these factors, you should be able to determine the features that are important to you. It is important to choose a pump that has the features you need and want.

Here are some additional tips for looking for features that are important to you:

• Talk to a pump expert. If you are not sure what features are important to you, talk to a pump expert. They can help you assess your needs and recommend a pump that has the features you need.
• Read the pump's specifications. The pump's specifications will typically include a list of features.

By following these tips, you can determine the features that are important to you and choose a pump that has the features you need. This will help to ensure that the pump meets your needs and expectations.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when looking for features in a pump:

• The more features a pump has, the more expensive it will be.
• Some features, such as variable speed control, may be more important for some applications than others.
• It is important to weigh the cost, features, and performance of a pump when making a decision.

It is important to consider your individual needs and budget when looking for features in a pump. By doing so, you can choose a pump that is right for you.

Would you like help selection new equipment?

Let our team of experienced fluid handling professionals help you choose the right pump for your needs and budget. We also offer installation, maintenance, and repair services to keep your pump running smoothly for years to come.

Advantages of Working with a Fluid Handling Professional

Working with a fluid handling professional when selecting a new pump can have many advantages. They can help you identify the root cause of pump problems and recommend solutions. Or they can help you develop a maintenance plan for your pumps to extend their lifespan. Also, they can help you comply with safety regulations and standards. Lastly, they can provide training on how to operate and maintain your pumps.

Here are a few of the most important:

Expertise

Expertise is one of the most important advantages of working with a fluid handling professional. Fluid handling professionals have years of experience in the industry and know the ins and outs of pumps and other fluid handling equipment. They can help you choose the right pump for your application and ensure that it is properly installed and maintained.

Here are some of the benefits of working with a fluid handling professional:

• They can help you choose the right pump for your application. Fluid handling professionals have a wide range of experience and knowledge, and they can help you choose the right pump for your specific needs. They can consider factors such as the type of fluid you will be pumping, the flow rate and pressure requirements, and the size and weight of the pump.
• They can ensure that the pump is properly installed. Fluid handling professionals can install the pump correctly and make sure that it is properly aligned and adjusted. This will help to ensure that the pump performs well and lasts for a long time.
• They can provide maintenance and repair services. Fluid handling professionals can provide maintenance and repair services for your pump. This will help to keep your pump running smoothly and prevent costly repairs.
• They can provide technical support. Fluid handling professionals can provide technical support if you have any questions or problems with your pump. They can help you troubleshoot problems and get your pump back up and running quickly.

If you are looking for a pump for your application, it is important to work with a fluid handling professional. They can help you choose the right pump, ensure that it is properly installed and maintained, and provide technical support if needed. This will help to ensure that your pump performs well and lasts for a long time.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when working with a fluid handling professional:

• Make sure the professional has the right experience and qualifications. You should ask about the professional's experience and qualifications in fluid handling. They should have a proven track record of success in the industry.

By following these tips, you can find a reputable fluid handling professional who can help you choose the right pump for your application.

Time savings

Time savings is another important advantage of working with a fluid handling professional. Fluid handling professionals have the expertise and experience to quickly and efficiently choose, install, and maintain a pump for your application. This can save you a significant amount of time and hassle.

Here are some of the ways in which working with a fluid handling professional can save you time:

• They can help you choose the right pump quickly. Fluid handling professionals have a wide range of experience and knowledge, and they can help you choose the right pump for your specific needs quickly. This can save you hours of research and comparison shopping.
• They can install the pump quickly and efficiently. Fluid handling professionals have the skills and experience to install a pump quickly and efficiently. This can save you the time and hassle of installing the pump yourself.
• They can provide maintenance and repair services quickly. Fluid handling professionals can provide maintenance and repair services for your pump quickly. This can save you the time and hassle of having to troubleshoot and repair the pump yourself.
• They can provide technical support quickly. Fluid handling professionals can provide technical support if you have any questions or problems with your pump quickly. This can save you the time and frustration of trying to troubleshoot the problem yourself.

If you are looking for a pump for your application, it is important to consider the time savings that you can achieve by working with a fluid handling professional. They can help you choose, install, and maintain your pump quickly and efficiently, which can save you a significant amount of time and hassle.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when considering the time savings of working with a fluid handling professional:

• The time savings can be significant. In some cases, working with a fluid handling professional can save you days or even weeks of time.
• The time savings can be valuable. The time that you save can be used for other important tasks, such as running your business or spending time with your family.

By working with a fluid handling professional, you can save time and hassle, and gain peace of mind. This can be a valuable investment for your business.

Peace of Mind

When you work with a fluid handling professional, you can be confident that your pump is properly chosen, installed, and maintained. This can give you peace of mind knowing that your pump will perform well and last for a long time.

Here are some of the benefits of peace of mind when working with a fluid handling professional:

• You can be confident that your pump is the right one for your application. A fluid handling professional will take the time to understand your needs and recommend the right pump for your application. This can give you peace of mind knowing that you are not wasting money on a pump that is not right for you.
• You can be confident that your pump is installed correctly. A fluid handling professional will install your pump correctly and make sure that it is properly aligned and adjusted. This can give you peace of mind knowing that your pump is not going to malfunction or leak.
• You can be confident that your pump is properly maintained. A fluid handling professional will provide maintenance and repair services for your pump as needed. This can give you peace of mind knowing that your pump will be kept in good working order and that you will not have to worry about unexpected breakdowns.
• You can be confident that you will get technical support if you need it. A fluid handling professional will provide technical support if you have any questions or problems with your pump. This can give you peace of mind knowing that you can get help if you need it.

If you are looking for a pump for your application, it is important to consider the peace of mind that you can achieve by working with a fluid handling professional. They can help you choose, install, and maintain your pump correctly, which can give you peace of mind knowing that your pump will perform well and last for a long time.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when considering the peace of mind of working with a fluid handling professional:

• Peace of mind is priceless. The peace of mind that you can achieve by working with a fluid handling professional is priceless. It is worth the investment to know that your pump is properly chosen, installed, and maintained.
• Peace of mind can save you money. In the long run, peace of mind can save you money. By working with a fluid handling professional, you can avoid the cost of repairs and downtime due to a malfunctioning pump.
• Peace of mind can save you time. Peace of mind can also save you time. You will not have to worry about choosing, installing, or maintaining your pump yourself. This can free up your time to focus on other things.

By working with a fluid handling professional, you can achieve peace of mind, save money, and save time. This can be a valuable investment for your business.

Support

Support is another important advantage of working with a fluid handling professional. Fluid handling professionals can provide support before, during, and after the sale. This can help you get the most out of your pump and avoid problems.

Here are some of the ways in which a fluid handling professional can provide support:

• Pre-sale support: A fluid handling professional can help you choose the right pump for your application and answer any questions you have.
• Installation support: A fluid handling professional can help you install your pump correctly and make sure that it is properly aligned and adjusted.
• Maintenance support: A fluid handling professional can provide maintenance and repair services for your pump as needed.
• Technical support: A fluid handling professional can provide technical support if you have any questions or problems with your pump.

If you are looking for a pump for your application, it is important to consider the support that you will receive from a fluid handling professional. They can help you get the most out of your pump and avoid problems.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind when considering the support of a fluid handling professional:

• Support can be invaluable. The support that you receive from a fluid handling professional can be invaluable. It can help you get the most out of your pump and avoid problems.
• Support can save you money. In the long run, support can save you money. By working with a fluid handling professional, you can avoid the cost of repairs and downtime due to a malfunctioning pump.
• Support can save you time. Support can also save you time. You will not have to worry about troubleshooting problems or finding answers to questions on your own.

By working with a fluid handling professional, you can get the support you need to get the most out of your pump and avoid problems. This can be a valuable investment for your business or personal life.

Here are some additional tips for getting support from a fluid handling professional:

• Ask about the support that is offered. When you are considering a fluid handling professional, ask about the support that they offer. This will help you determine if they are the right fit for you.
• Ask for references. Ask the fluid handling professional for references. This will allow you to speak to other customers who have worked with them.

By following these tips, you can find a fluid handling professional who can provide you with the support you need.

Need a new pump for your industrial application?

At Arroyo Process Equipment, we've proudly been assisting industries and municipalites with their fluid handling systems for over 50 years. Our team has the expertise to help you find the perfect pump for your application, whether you need a pump for water, oil, or other fluids. We also offer installation, maintenance, and repair services to keep your pump running smoothly for years to come.

Everyone focuses first and foremost on purchase price when estimating pump life-cycle costs, but there are other optimizable costs that will help moderate pump-related expenses

By Geoff VanLeeuwen, P.E.

Introduction
Facility managers who rely on industrial pumps for the various liquid-transfer duties in their manufacturing processes can be excused if they occasionally think that once the pump has been purchased the majority of the heavy lifting has been completed. It is easy to see why this mindset might become prevalent. After all, identifying the right pump for the right process requires a lot of time and due diligence, from performance reviews to cost estimates, to even soliciting opinions from other manufacturers.

In reality, studies of different types of manufacturing operations have indicated that, when all is said and done, the purchase price of a pump will only be 10% to 15% of its total life- cycle cost, with &#;life-cycle cost&#; defined by The Hydraulic Institute as the &#;total lifetime cost to purchase, install, operate, maintain and dispose of the pump.&#;

Based on that definition, the reality is that cutting a check for the purchase price of the pump is only the first of many potential expenses that will be incurred over the pump&#;s operational lifetime, which &#; if the operator is fortunate &#; can be as long as 20 years or more. Hand in hand with that, pumps are said to account for between 20% and 25% of the energy usage in a manufacturing operation. Therefore, it is imperative that facility operators analyze their pre-buy research not only from an initial-cost perspective, but also from a total life-cycle cost viewpoint.

To do that, there are five cost factors to consider when attempting to arrive at a trustworthy figure for what a pump&#;s total life-cycle cost may be. Let&#;s take a closer look at all five:

1. Capital Cost
As mentioned, capital expenditure &#; or CAPEX &#; in the amount of money paid to actually purchase the pump is the first and most obvious life-cycle cost. But identifying and optimizing that CAPEX cost involves much more than comparing and contrasting price tags.

The first consideration should be identifying the pumping technology that best suits the needs of your liquid-transfer processes. Usually, this comes down to a choice between positive displacement (PD) and centrifugal-style pumps, with the type of technology that is ultimately chosen having huge implications regarding the total life-cycle cost of the pump.

In many instances, final pump selection can come down to an either/or choice:

• If a PD pump is chosen, will its operation require the use of a gear reducer or speed- reduction device? If it will, that is an added upfront cost that must be considered since centrifugal pumps do not need speed reducers.
• There have been a number of significant advances recently in the development of leak-free or seal-less pumps. These types of pumps, however, are generally more expensive than sealed pumps, but on the other hand, an inventory of replacement seals will not need to be purchased, stocked and tracked.
• Within the PD realm, air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumps are a unique technology in that they do not need a traditional electric or fuel-powered motor to operate and have no couplings or seals that need to be maintained or replaced. The only daily operational cost is paying for a supply of air, but this means that the facility must be able to accommodate that capability. AODD pumps also do have a number of wear parts that will need to be monitored, including their diaphragms, balls and valve seats.

Particular to the chemical-manufacturing industry, over the years centrifugal pumps have become the default liquid-transfer technology in many of the world&#;s chemical-processing systems. Because of this, many chemical processors will always choose a centrifugal pump because they know how they operate, are familiar with their benefits and are confident they will get the job done, no questions asked.

The problem with this mindset is that it means that many chemical-processing systems have been designed around the needs of the pump, rather than the needs of the system. For example, design engineers will design their systems so that raw materials can be blended or heated in a way that their viscosity is brought to a level that enables them to be handled by a centrifugal pump. In this case, they are reconditioning the material to fit the need of the pump, regardless of any potential life-cycle cost impact.

The operator, in addition to getting the viscosity to a centrifugal-friendly level, must also ensure that the pump continues to operate at its Best Efficiency Point (BEP), generally believed to be a window in which the pump operates at 80% to 110% efficiency levels. Any time spent operating outside the BEP can result in shaft deflection that will place higher loads on the pump&#;s bearings and mechanical seal, which can damage the pump&#;s casing, impeller and backplate. This domino effect will lead to higher maintenance and part- replacement costs that &#; teamed with the costs required to actually keep the pump operating at its BEP &#; will increase total life-cycle costs.

2. Installation Costs
Determining installation costs and their eventual effect on total life-cycle expenses requires a total overview of the pumping operation. Some questions to consider include:

• Will any modification to the pumping system be needed when the new pump is introduced or can it just be plugged into the existing infrastructure?
• Will new or modified connections to the process piping, electrical wiring and instrumentation, and auxiliary systems and utilities be needed?
•  Are there any special weight considerations that could lead to the need for a special foundational platform, i.e. a baseplate?
• Will any boring into the existing foundation, or the pouring of a new foundation, be required?

This last question is the one that can have the biggest effect on total life-cycle costs. Some pump technologies are easy to install; for instance, AODD pumps that need only an air and discharge hose to be hooked to them before they are asked to do their jobs, even if that job demands that the pump operate underwater.

Vertical pumps, on the other hand, are typically less expensive than some other styles, but they sometimes need extensive foundation work that could require boring as much as 30 feet (10 meters) into the ground just to install the pump. Again, this can prompt the facility operator to employ some comparative if/then thinking: &#;If I want to use a more economical vertical pump, then it will cost quite a bit in installation costs.&#; By taking that into consideration and reviewing all of the possible alternatives, that if/then statement can be turned into: &#;If I use a more expensive multi-phase pump, then I will have lower installation costs.&#;

Another area of consideration during pump installation is alignment. Simply put, pumps that are not aligned properly with the motor &#; and many often aren&#;t &#; can lead to quicker part wear that can result in inefficient operation and pump failure. There are now some pump technologies that can be pre-aligned as they are manufactured through the use of an adapter, which eliminates the need to align the pump on-site, along with any costs associated with that alignment process.

A final expense within the installation-cost realm is commissioning costs. These are the fees that must be paid to have the installation reviewed to ensure that it satisfies all of the parameters for proper installation and safe operation. Only after this review has been performed and sign-off received will the facility manager be able to flip the switch and begin operating the pump.

In the end, it all comes down to each individual facility&#;s needs, wants and economic considerations, with all of the spokes in the installation-cost wheel playing a part in determining total life-cycle costs.

3. Operating Costs
The most obvious cost here is acquiring the energy &#; generally electricity, fuel or air -that is needed to power the pump. Here again, the style and operational capabilities of the pump technology play a notable role. For example, when contemplating a pump that operates via a motor that is 50 horsepower or lower, energy efficiency should not be a top-of-mind consideration for the operator. However, energy efficiency becomes a critical concern when the motor is 100 horsepower or larger, especially when those heavy-duty motors are featured on pumps that perform continuous-duty pumping operations.

Again, a comparison between PD and centrifugal-style pumps is in order:

• Typically, a PD pump motor is sized according to the bypass valve set point. This optimizes the motor sizing so that it is close to the actual operating points and limits the energy consumed while still enabling it to achieve desired flow rates regardless of temperature, pressure or viscosity changes during the pumping process.
• Centrifugal pumps, on the other hand, are often not protected with bypass valves. Instead, centrifugal pump motors are sized according to the runout power. This essentially oversizes the motor &#;just in case&#; the pump operates at runout. In reality, most centrifugal pumps don&#;t operate at runout, meaning that the cost for a larger motor is often a needless expense.

Another cost to focus on when considering life-cycle operating expenses is the cost of any ancillary liquids needed to heat, cool or lubricate the pump during its operation. For instance, sealed pumps can require a water &#;quench,&#; a process in which tap water is injected into the seal gland as a way to cool and clean the seal faces. This water is usually introduced into the pump at very low volumes, sometimes even lower than a dripping water faucet, but if 10 pumps require this treatment and they operate for 8,000 hours a year each, the costs for that water can quickly escalate. This expense is not needed with seal-less pumps.

Operating costs also contain a human element in the form of labor costs. These costs can fluctuate widely depending on the complexity of the pumping system itself. A system that regularly handles hazardous or explosive materials requires closer monitoring than one that only transfers benign materials. Though there has been growth in next-generation remote Cloud-based pump-monitoring systems and equipment in recent years, most manufacturing facilities still rely on first-hand on-site observation of the pumps to determine if they are meeting the parameters of any and all required performance indicators.

4. Maintenance Costs
Unanticipated downtime and lost production play a huge role in the pump&#;s total life-cycle cost. In other words, a pump that is down for maintenance is not moving liquid, which means the line is not producing product. While all maintenance is bound to take the pump out of service for some period of time, there are some pump technologies, such as sliding vane, that allow simple maintenance duties to be performed without having to remove the pump from the line. This will shorten the amount of time that the pump needs to be out of service. All of these things make it imperative to understand a pump&#;s anticipated maintenance needs before it is purchased.

The ultimate impact of maintenance costs is usually tied to the number of wear parts that the pump possesses. Pump technologies like centrifugal, sliding vane and AODD have relatively few wear parts &#; things like seals, vanes, O-rings and diaphragms &#; that are easy to replace at low cost. These part-replacement costs usually total less than 20% of the cost of a new pump over its lifetime.

On the other hand, technologies like progressive cavity, screw and internal gear pumps can
feature maintenance, repair and replacement costs that can approach or exceed 80% to 90% of the pump&#;s CAPEX cost. These types of pumps operate via highly precisioned machined metallic components that are expensive to produce. That&#;s why these types of pumps are often called &#;throwaway&#; pumps; they are used until they break down and then replaced because replacement is more economical than repair.

Another component of maintenance costs is preventative maintenance. This is critical if the operator hopes to reduce or eliminate unanticipated downtime in any pumping processes. Because each pump application is unique, pumps can seem fickle at times. While the operator can determine a desired target life for the pump, the reality is that, if left unchecked, unexpected failures will cause costly pump downtime.

A preventative-maintenance plan can combat this &#; if the plan is properly considered and makes use of the past operational history of similar pumps used in similar applications. Making well-considered assumptions regarding pump maintenance based on past history can go a long way in building a maintenance plan that can anticipate and mitigate any problems before they occur. This is another area where the recent advances in remote monitoring and data storage of a pump&#;s operational history can help ease the burden on preventative maintenance. Some manufacturers are now offering apps to help track, monitor, operate and keep notes on the maintenance needs of their installed assets.

One final maintenance-related consideration for the operator is to determine whether or not it would be economically wise to purchase a spare pump that can be inserted into the pumping system on an as-needed basis. Determining the necessity of this CAPEX expense will also play into the calculations for total life-cycle-costs.

5. Decommissioning Costs
The final cost in a pump&#;s lifetime is its decommissioning cost, or the cost to remove it from operation and dispose of it. While these costs are typically not prohibitive, if the pump has been used in the handling of hazardous, toxic, radioactive or any other materials that require environmental sensitivity the costs to decommission them will be higher. When disposing of pumps that have handled hazardous materials, the number and type of regulatory requirements that must be satisfied will also play a role in determining the decommissioning costs and their ultimate effect on total life-cycle costs.

What Have We Learned?
When any type of list like this is created, an expected question might be: &#;So, which of these costs is most important if you want to optimize total life-cycle cost?&#; Let&#;s look at them from least to most significant.

The one category that generally has a fixed cost that is least open to fluctuation or interpretation is decommissioning costs. Many operators may not even consider those costs as part of the total life-cycle cost package.

After that, we&#;ve found that CAPEX and operational costs (as they relate to energy usage and pump efficiency) are not seen as a make or break proposition for the pump user. While it&#;s popular to market industrial operations as &#;green&#; or environmentally friendly, the truth is
that no one makes a purchasing decision based on the pump&#;s efficiency &#; and there really is no compelling reason to do so because the economics of operational efficiency don&#;t really matter for pumps that have motors smaller than 100 horsepower, and that&#;s where most industrial pumps operate.

Maintenance costs are important because pump reliability is a key component in ensuring that the pumping system meets the demands of the operation. However, the costs of maintenance are usually built into operating budgets through the purchase of spare inventory or the performance of prescheduled maintenance routines, making this a life-cycle expense that can usually be predicted pretty reliably.

That leaves installation cost, which may be the least understood of all of the categories. This also means that it offers the best opportunity for improvement. Most operators ignore or care little about installation costs, viewing them as nothing more than the &#;cost of doing business.&#; However, this is an area that is ripe for improved optimization, especially in new installations. Many operators can fall into the trap of relying too heavily on what has been done previously on-site or what has been done in other company facilities, without truly realizing how unique each individual installation really is.

This can lead to a situation where it is hard to know what the true costs of the installation are and their ramifications regarding total life-cycle cost. These installation costs include not only foundation work, piping, etc., but also any auxiliary systems that will need to be made part of the pumping operation. These can include priming, liquid conditioning, heating, closed-cooling, filtration, vacuum and pigging systems, some of which can be exorbitantly expensive to install.

Conversely, rather than considering the need and cost of auxiliary systems, some operators will fall back on the mindset that all problems can be solved through the incorporation of a control valve or variable frequency drive (VFD). Control valves are useful to modulate the level of pressure that is needed to get the pump working properly &#; another example of building the system around the pump &#; but a more economical solution can be buying a pump that can inherently produce the application&#;s required pumping pressure.

VFDs have become more affordable over the years, so some operators have begun to think that they can be a silver-bullet solution to everything that ails pump operation. While VFDs do offer a lot of functionality and flexibility and can make the system very nimble, they can wreak havoc on motors by introducing electronic pulses that will compromise the performance and reliability of the motor and other downstream pump components. Further, speed control itself is not a fix-all solution. A VFD will not help if a system&#;s operating range is outside a pump&#;s performance envelope.

Where Do We Go From Here?
People in the process industries are knowledgeable, but because of the demands of their jobs they need a path of least resistance that accommodates the time, resource and production constraints that are placed on today&#;s plant operators. The simple fact is that somehow, someway today&#;s industry expects to achieve more output with less resources, which includes actually knowing all of the intricacies of an effectively functioning process system.

This has led more and more facility managers to turn to third-party Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractors for assistance. EPCs are tasked with all design, procurement and construction tasks while ensuring that the entire project is completed on time and on budget. The use of EPCs has become more and more prevalent in recent years, to the point that hiring an EPC is now essentially considered an unavoidable first step when designing, outfitting and commissioning a manufacturing plant. And EPCs can be a valuable resource &#; if they have the knowledge and expertise to know the ins and outs of the operation they are building and are able to answer any questions their clients may have so they can truly meet their needs. However, some EPCs prioritize short-term guarantee periods and ignore long-term life-cycle costs. Additionally, EPCs don&#;t pursue system optimization. Instead, they are incentivized to design and construct systems that meet only the minimum requirements that are outlined in their contracts.

As mentioned earlier, the arrival of advanced remote pump-monitoring technologies promises to be a boon in optimizing pump life-cycle costs. These new monitoring systems fill a niche in what has come to be known as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT is defined as a network of physical devices, systems and platforms that use embedded communication technology to share the operational intelligence of industrial machines. It combines data technology and machine learning to bring together sensor data and machine-to-machine communication technologies. This enables the identification of operational inefficiencies sooner and more reliably, creating real-time operational transparency and significant cost savings for the operator.

The driver behind remote Cloud-based pump-monitoring systems is creating the ability to gather pump-performance data and store it for future use. These systems are nothing more than augmented ways to aggregate data. The challenge is finding the best ways to use this data to observe and predict pump performance, with the goal of optimizing it as it pertains to total life-cycle cost.

Conclusion
Many pump technologies are hundreds of years old and there really hasn&#;t been a new, significant way to move 10 gallons of water 10 feet in 10 seconds developed in a century. But there are still exciting ways to improve the total life-cycle costs &#; if the operators of manufacturing facilities will, as they say, stop &#;kicking the can down the road.&#; Granted, these time-strapped individuals do their best to create and operate manufacturing processes that meet the demands of strict and oftentimes unforgiving production schedules. That being said, by working in harmony with pump manufacturers who are constantly looking to improve the effectiveness and reliability of their products &#; as evidenced by the new remote monitoring tools &#; they can identify and incorporate pump technologies with optimized life cycle costs that will reflect positively on the manufacturing operation&#;s ability to meet production demands and improve the bottom line.

About The Author

Geoff VanLeeuwen, P.E., is a Product Management Director for Blackmer ® and PSG ®. He can be
reached at . For more information on the full line of Blackmer pumps and compressors, please call +1 (616) 241- or visit blackmer.com. Blackmer, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, is a product brand of PSG ®, a Dover company, Oakbrook Terrace, IL, USA. PSG is comprised of several leading pump brands, including Abaque &#;, All-Flo, Almatec ®, Blackmer ®, Ebsray ®, Em-tec, EnviroGear ®, Griswold ®, Hydro Systems, Mouvex ®, Neptune &#;, Quattroflow &#;, RedScrew &#;, and Wilden ®. You can find more information on PSG at psgdover.com.

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