Details of designing liquid argon storage tanks

1. Design and calculation of basic structure of liquid hydrogen storage tank
The liquid argon storage tank adopts a jacket structure. The inner tank of the liquid argon storage tank is filled with low temperature cryogenic liquid. For the inner tank, we use low temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel. For the jacketed container, the interlayer is vacuum. When calculating GB150, not only the influence of the internal pressure of the equipment's inner tank and the calculation and value of the pressure test according to GB184423-2011, but also the effect of the external pressure instability caused by the vacuum on the inner tank and the shell should be considered. In the calculation, we use the calculation method of pressure vessel design in GB150.2-2011. The external pressure instability is a common method for pressure vessel design. It can save the material and reduce the weight. The tank and the barrel of the casing are not unstable, thereby ensuring the normal use of the device. For the convenience of production, the method of using the inner reinforcing ring on the inner tank to enhance the thermal insulation effect is also a method commonly used in the production of storage tanks.
Because the 15m3 liquid argon storage tank contains cryogenic medium, first of all, when designing the relevant pipelines, we should consider the impact of thermal expansion and contraction caused by low temperature on the equipment pipeline. Because the 15m3 liquid chlorine storage tank is a

3. Calculation of Heat Leakage of Liquid Argon Cryogenic Tank
Due to the temperature difference between the low temperature cryogenic medium in the liquid argon storage tank and the environment, heat leakage is inevitable. Controlling heat leakage during design can ensure effective and safe operation of the equipment. Therefore, in the design we should carry out the thermal calculation of heat leakage. The calculation of heat leakage is also a common feature of low-temperature storage tank design. The calculation of heat leakage for a 15m3 liquid argon storage tank should include the calculation of heat leakage in the insulation layer, the calculation of heat leakage in the support liner, and the calculation of heat leakage in the circumferential support. The calculation of the leakage heat of the pipeline part, etc. From the total leakage heat, we can calculate the corresponding static evaporation rate. According to the requirements of GB184423-2011, the static evaporation rate of the 15m liquid argon cryogenic storage tank should meet ≤ 0.37% kg / d.

With the rapid development of cryogenic cryogenic technology, the use of liquid argon storage tanks in medical, energy and other industries is also increasing. As a common equipment for storing cryogenic liquids such as liquid argon, the design of liquid argon storage tanks is similar to ordinary pressure vessel equipment, but there are many differences, so the design requirements are often higher. The following takes a 15m3 cryogenic liquid argon storage tank as an example to briefly explain some issues that should be noticed in the calculation of the basic structure of the storage tank, the design of the pipeline, and the calculation of the heat leakage.1. Design and calculation of basic structure of liquid hydrogen storage tankThe liquid argon storage tank adopts a jacket structure. The inner tank of the liquid argon storage tank is filled with low temperature cryogenic liquid. For the inner tank, we use low temperature resistant austenitic stainless steel. For the jacketed container, the interlayer is vacuum. When calculating GB150, not only the influence of the internal pressure of the equipment's inner tank and the calculation and value of the pressure test according to GB184423-2011, but also the effect of the external pressure instability caused by the vacuum on the inner tank and the shell should be considered. In the calculation, we use the calculation method of pressure vessel design in GB150.2-2011. The external pressure instability is a common method for pressure vessel design. It can save the material and reduce the weight. The tank and the barrel of the casing are not unstable, thereby ensuring the normal use of the device. For the convenience of production, the method of using the inner reinforcing ring on the inner tank to enhance the thermal insulation effect is also a method commonly used in the production of storage tanks.2.Piping design of liquid argon storage tankBecause the 15m3 liquid argon storage tank contains cryogenic medium, first of all, when designing the relevant pipelines, we should consider the impact of thermal expansion and contraction caused by low temperature on the equipment pipeline. Because the 15m3 liquid chlorine storage tank is a vertical cryogenic storage tank For the installation of the tank, the pipeline valve is usually arranged at the lower part of the outer bottom head of the storage tank. After the tube is taken out, it needs to be led out of the shell through a vacuum powder insulation layer. When the cryogenic liquid in the storage tank is discharged, the gas phase space in the storage tank increases, and the pressure in the storage tank will gradually decrease. We should increase the pressure in the storage tank. For the pressurization in the cryogenic storage tank, we can use a cryopump to boost the pressure, or use a booster carburetor to self-pressurize. Self-pressurized carburetor mostly adopts finned tube structure. Self-pressurized carburetor is mostly used as a part of the liquid argon storage tank pipeline. At this time, in addition to considering the arrangement of the self-pressurizer at the bottom of the tank, we should also follow CB18442.3. -2011 Consider and calculate the relevant design of the self-pressurized carburetor's vaporization capacity, material and medium compatibility, pressure level and inner container design pressure.3. Calculation of Heat Leakage of Liquid Argon Cryogenic TankDue to the temperature difference between the low temperature cryogenic medium in the liquid argon storage tank and the environment, heat leakage is inevitable. Controlling heat leakage during design can ensure effective and safe operation of the equipment. Therefore, in the design we should carry out the thermal calculation of heat leakage. The calculation of heat leakage is also a common feature of low-temperature storage tank design. The calculation of heat leakage for a 15m3 liquid argon storage tank should include the calculation of heat leakage in the insulation layer, the calculation of heat leakage in the support liner, and the calculation of heat leakage in the circumferential support. The calculation of the leakage heat of the pipeline part, etc. From the total leakage heat, we can calculate the corresponding static evaporation rate. According to the requirements of GB184423-2011, the static evaporation rate of the 15m liquid argon cryogenic storage tank should meet ≤ 0.37% kg / d.

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The present invention relates to and store and the transportation technology field, especially store and transport the pressure vessel of the media such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquid carbon dioxide.

Background technique

The cryogenic liquide pressure vessel, mean nominal operating pressure>=0.1MPa, single tank nominal volume>=0.025m 3, be used for the fixed storage tank of the cryogenic liquides such as accumulating liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquid carbon dioxide, the portable storage tank used on tank container, tank car or ship.

Using cryogenic liquide pressure vessel form at present, the one, single tank, external application cold insulation material of holding; The 2nd, by interior outer tank setting, inner canister adopts low temperature resistant stainless steel material, and outer tank is common iron, interlayer vacuum-pumping filling cold insulation material.Take the LNG storage tank as example, and the LNG storage tank is mainly used in LNG fueling station, gas station and all kinds of station, LNG vaporizing station, tank container, tank car, cargo ship and all kinds of automobile-used and storage tank for ship built jointly.At present in the various horizontal of use or vertical LNG storage tank adopts is inside and outside double-wall pot, laminated vacuum filling pearlife or wound insulation cold insulation material.

There is following defect in active tank at present: once the inner canister cracking, outer tank will ftracture.To design pressure, be only-0.1MPa and the outer tank that adopts Ordinary Steel to make to be difficult to pressure-bearing and to hold low temperature.Thereby the leaked liquid stored in generation tank, cause a large amount of fluid accumulation on every side, easily cause suffocate, the major accidents such as frostbite and blast, fire.

For above-mentioned defect and hidden danger, at present to fixed storage tank, generally adopt larger safety clearance and build embankment etc. in the storage tank surrounding, to reduce accident harm.Storage tank as fixed as LNG:

According to " automobile fuel filler gas filling station design and job specfication " (GB50156-2012) 9.1.3 bar regulation: the LNG storage tank surrounding bank protection of setting up defences, available storage of water in embankment should not be less than the wherein capacity of 1 maximum LNG storage tank, levee toe line to the clear distance of LNG storage tank outer wall should not be less than 2m, and the protection levee body should be able to bear the static pressure of institute's receiving fluids and the impact of temperature variation; Beijing area adopts box LNG aerator, is about to 30m 3or 60m 3storage tank be placed in casing, establish the stainless steel cofferdam near the storage tank periphery, the about 1.2m of height of weir, the weir inner bottom plate is all stainless steel material, with the LNG amount of receive leaking.

Even and adopt above-mentioned measure, still have following point:

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1) though at LNG storage tank periphery, embankment is set, but the LNG that only can receive storage tank lower area cracking to leak out is under the condition of storage tank operating pressure 0.6～1.0MPa, storage tank upper area cracking, the LNG leaked out will be sprayed onto outside embankment in a large number.

2) current embankment material (comprising the stainless steel cofferdam) and plain carbon steel tank wall, cracking and the damage of embankment, still can occur in the distortion that equal difficult bearing temperature quenching produces, and still can cause a large amount of LNG to leak outside dike.

2, to the fixed storage tank of liquid oxygen

Because the many hospitals in the ground such as Beijing can't meet because reorganization and expansion causes land used, and this economy method efficiently of having to abandon using changes into and uses bottled oxygen or molecular sieve to produce oxygen-enriched air, thereby affects the reasonable supply of patient's treatment with oxygen.

3, small evaporator station

Use at present 5m 3below the gasified place of air feed of small-sized cryogenic liquid storage tank, mostly narrow and small because of place, be arranged on near the gas facility.This just uses and brings potential safety hazard to gas safety.

For above-mentioned defect and hidden danger, to the portable storage tank used on tank container, tank car, as LNG tank car etc. in urban district or the place crowded, that vehicle flowrate is large tank body leakage occurs, its alert area radius is more than 60 meters.Leakage point Zhou Bianbai is misty, spreads very soon, and leak stopping is very difficult.Casualties and the huge property losses such as, fire very easily explosion caused at alert area internal cause naked light, static etc.At present generally take to limit its current time, route, and limit the method at its lay day interval.

These defects and hidden danger mainly are that used storage tank does not have the essential safety attribute, the invention provides a kind of cryogenic liquide pressure vessel of essential safety, can address these problems fully.

This invention is promoted to by the safety precaution means that usually active tank adopted, processing after accident the storage tank of manufacturing and possesses essential safety, the reliable use.

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