How Do Micro switches Function?

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• April 29,
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Essentially, in any application where the amount of voltage that a load is receiving needs to be varied on the fly, a variable transformer is likely employed.

What are the physical principles applied within a variable transformer?

Many micro switches have a construction that employs a wheel stationed above a push-button actuator. The actuator is depressed, lifting a lever that move the contacts into the desired position. Most of these switches are momentary switches. This means that, once the actuator is released, the switch returns to its normal state. This is accomplished by way of springs. The springs keep the actuator in position and the contacts in their normally closed or opened position. When depressed, a weaker flat spring in the device moves the contacts, but is moved back into place when the switch is released.

Micro switches make a distinctive clicking noise when they are actuated, This can provide tactile feedback for testing the switch. The internal mechanisms are simple enough, and secure enough in their casings, that they can be installed in very demanding environments and still function reliably. To further guarantee performance, specific materials may be chosen for the contacts and the switches can be chosen based on their ability to repel the intrusion of environmental hazards, which is described below.

These switches are usually provided with a couple of holes on the case that are used to fasten them to whatever surface or appliance is required. The switches are commonly small, rectangular components, completely self-contained, that require no maintenance. Their low cost makes it easy enough to replace them when they wear out, which happens rarely, at best.

Micro switches will be differentiated by their normal state, the number of poles and throws that they have and the type of case that they are situated in. There are designs that are intended to be used on printed circuit boards and designs that can be fastened into place with a hex nut. The compact size and reliability of these components means that there are many varieties, as there are many uses for micro switches.

Micro switches are also differentiated by their electrical characteristics. These are small devices and generally only designed to carry low current and voltages. There are designs that are intended to be used in more demanding applications, however.

What Are the Characteristics of Micro switches?

Microswitches are very common electrical components and there are many variations on the design. Depending upon their use and what type of conditions they will endure during use, various characteristics have to be taken into account.

What Type of Applications Need Microswitches?

Microswitches are very common devices. They are used in consumer devices, industrial equipment and more.

One of the most common applications for these devices is in door interlocks. These are common in consumer devices, notably in microwave ovens, where the door has to be shut before the power to the device will turn on.

Micro switches are also used in leveling devices, such as those used on vending machines. In an elevator, these devices are used in the door as a safety switch. The devices are also used to detect whether paper is jammed in a copier and for myriad other purposes.

Micro switches can be designed to be very sensitive. Such designs can be used in very precise equipment, such as that which measures the flow of air or other gasses through a system. They can also be used to detect pressure and temperature.

These devices are used extensively in industry, often in control circuits. They are sometimes employed as the direct means of turning equipment on and off, as well.

What Are the Characteristics of Micro switches?

Micro switches are very common electrical components and there are many variations on the design. Depending upon their use and what type of conditions they will endure during use, various characteristics have to be taken into account.

Actuator Type

This is simply the type of actuator that actually throws the contacts in the device. There are many different types. Button actuators are very popular, as are lever types. There are variations on the broad types, such as long hinge levers, long leaf levers and long straight levers being variations on lever actuators. There are also roller designs, spring designs and more.

The contact configurations for these switches are like any other switch. They include normally open and normally closed designs with various pole and throw configurations available.

This is a measure of the amperage that the contacts can carry. While most of these switches are used at lower current levels, there are designs that are intended to be used in higher current applications, such as for the actual controller for an electric motor or another device.

Terminal Type

Microswitches offer flexible installation options and, owing to their size, they can be used on printed circuit boards. The terminal type options are appropriately broad. They include lugs, PCB mounts in various angles, screws and more. Some of the mounts are designed to be soldered into place.

IP Rating

IP Rating stands for Ingress Protection Rating. This is a measure of how well the device is protected from intrusion. The ratings apply to everything from body parts to specific substances, such as water and other chemicals. This rating system is designed to be a bit more specific than just saying that a switch is weatherproof or describing it with some other vague term.

For example, the liquid ingress protection on a device can be specified as being appropriate for conditions where there is dripping, splashing, spraying or jetted water. This allows the designer to be sure that the device they&#;re selecting is suitable for the conditions under which it will operate.

FAQ on Microswitches

What is the operating force?

This is usually measured in Newtons. It describes the amount of force required to actuate the switch.

What is the release force?

This is the force the switch exerts when releasing, also measured in Newtons.

The contact material on microswitches can be chosen based on durability requirements or any other requirements that drive the decision. Materials include gold, silver, brass, nickel and various alloys of the above. There are also options for different materials to be used in the stationary and moving parts, as well as options as to whether the material is double clad.

What is their operating life?

Where microswitches are concerned, the operating life of the equipment is generally very high, being measured in millions of cycles, in most cases. Consumer products generally have lighter-duty microswitches than industrial products, but the low cost of these parts makes it easy enough to upgrade to higher mechanical life expectancies when required or when it&#;s simply beneficial to do so.

What is the case material?

Microswitches are durable, in part, because their cases can be made out of very sturdy materials. Fiberglass and other materials are common for the construction of these switches. Specialty materials such as Nitrile can be used in applications where it is required. In areas where shock and vibration may be an issue, materials such as rubber can be selected. Materials such as steel and zinc are also widely available, though most of the manmade materials are durable enough for most applications.

What are Microswicth Actuators?

The actuator is the means by which mechanical force is applied to the switch to make it change state. These come in many different designs, from buttons to levers and more. These are generally chosen based on what type of actuator will work best with the appliance or machinery to which the switch is attached. For instance, on a car door, a button actuator works well, as the closed door can depress the button and change the state of the microswitch so that an alarm is switched off and so forth.

What Are Microswitch Boots?

A switch boot is placed over the actuator and other parts of the switch to prevent the ingress of materials or for identification purposes. They can be color-coded to indicate that the switch is part of a specific circuit or system. They can also be outfitted with colored boots to make the switch easier to locate.

What Are Microswitch Caps?

A switch cap is much like a boot. It goes over the top of the actuator, providing protection and an easy means of identifying the switch.

What Are Microswitch Hex Nuts?

Hex nuts are threaded onto the microswitch to hold it in place. They are particularly good solutions for switches that are mounted below a surface with the actuator protruding above. They provide an easy means of securing the switch and, when needed, they are easily removed.

What Are Microswitch Levers?

The lever on a microswitch is used to trigger the actuator. They are available in various designs and sizes, so they can be used in most any application where the switch needs to be made easier to trigger.

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What Are Microswitch Terminal Covers?

Terminal covers provide a means of insulating the switch against being exposed to potential contaminants. They also provide a means to protect the terminals from being accidentally shorted and from accidently coming into contact with operators, potentially causing a shock.

 

In the world of electronics and automation, micro switches play a vital role as compact and versatile switching devices. These miniature components are designed to detect physical movements, positions, or environmental changes and convert them into electrical signals. Micro switches are widely used in various industries, including automotive, consumer electronics, industrial machinery, and more. This comprehensive guide will explore the different types of micro switches, their working principles, applications, and the benefits they offer.

Understanding Micro Switches

Before delving into the different types of micro switches, it&#;s essential to understand the basic concept and functionality of these components. A micro switch is a small, electromechanical device that consists of a actuating mechanism (such as a lever, plunger, or roller) and a set of electrical contacts. When the actuating mechanism is engaged, it causes the contacts to close or open, allowing or interrupting the flow of electrical current.

Micro switches are known for their compact size, durability, and reliability. They are designed to operate with minimal force and provide precise switching action, making them ideal for applications where space is limited or precise control is required.

Types of Micro Switches

Micro switches come in various types, each designed for specific applications and operating conditions. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Basic Micro Switch (Standard)

The basic or standard micro switch is the most common type and serves as the foundation for many variations. It typically consists of a lever-actuated mechanism that opens or closes a set of electrical contacts. These switches are widely used in various applications, such as door sensors, limit switches, and safety interlocks.

2. Subminiature Micro Switch

Subminiature micro switches are even smaller than the basic micro switches, making them suitable for applications where space is at a premium. These switches often feature a plunger-actuated mechanism and are commonly found in electronic devices, appliances, and instrumentation.

3. Miniature Snap-Action Micro Switch

Miniature snap-action micro switches are designed to provide a quick and precise switching action. They feature a high-precision mechanism that ensures a rapid change in the contact state, minimizing bouncing or arcing. These switches are commonly used in applications that require reliable and consistent switching, such as industrial control systems and automation equipment.

4. Precision Micro Switch

Precision micro switches are engineered for applications that demand exceptional accuracy and repeatability. These switches feature tight tolerances and high-quality materials, ensuring consistent performance over a large number of switching cycles. They are often used in medical equipment, aerospace applications, and precision instrumentation.

5. Waterproof Micro Switch

Waterproof micro switches are designed to operate in harsh environments where moisture or water exposure is a concern. These switches feature a sealed enclosure that protects the internal components from water ingress, making them suitable for outdoor applications, marine environments, and other wet conditions.

6. Hermetically Sealed Micro Switch

Hermetically sealed micro switches are designed to operate in extreme environments where dust, moisture, or gases could potentially damage the internal components. These switches are completely sealed, preventing any external contaminants from entering the switch enclosure. They are commonly used in aerospace, military, and harsh industrial applications.

7. Reed Micro Switch

Reed micro switches are a unique type of micro switch that use a pair of ferromagnetic reed contacts sealed in a glass envelope. These switches are actuated by an external magnetic field, making them suitable for applications where physical contact is undesirable or where hermetic sealing is required. Reed micro switches are often used in proximity sensors, security systems, and medical equipment.

Working Principle of Micro Switches

Although the specific design and construction may vary among different types of micro switches, the basic working principle remains the same. When the actuating mechanism (lever, plunger, or roller) is engaged, it causes the electrical contacts within the switch to either make (close) or break (open) the circuit.

In a normally open (NO) micro switch, the contacts are initially open, and the actuating mechanism closes the contacts, allowing current to flow through the circuit. Conversely, in a normally closed (NC) micro switch, the contacts are initially closed, and the actuating mechanism opens the contacts, interrupting the current flow.

The precise operation of a micro switch depends on the type of actuating mechanism and the specific design of the switch. Some micro switches use a snap-action mechanism, which provides a quick and reliable switching action, while others rely on a simple lever or plunger mechanism.

Applications of Micro Switches

Micro switches are widely used in a variety of applications across various industries due to their compact size, reliability, and versatility. Here are some common applications:

1.Automotive Industry: Micro switches are used in automotive applications such as door sensors, hood switches, seat belt sensors, and gear shift position sensors.

2.Consumer Electronics: Micro switches are found in various consumer electronic devices, such as appliances, toys, and electronic gadgets, where they are used for power switching, position sensing, and safety interlocks.

3.Industrial Automation: In industrial automation systems, micro switches are employed as limit switches, position sensors, and safety interlocks in machinery, robots, and automated systems.

4.Medical Equipment: The precision and reliability of micro switches make them suitable for use in medical equipment, such as surgical instruments, hospital beds, and diagnostic devices.

5.Aerospace and Defense: Micro switches are used in aerospace and defense applications, such as aircraft control systems, missile guidance systems, and other critical applications that require high reliability and precision.

6.Security Systems: Reed micro switches are often used in security systems, such as door and window sensors, where they can detect the presence of a magnetic field without physical contact.

7.Instrumentation: Precision micro switches are used in various instrumentation applications, such as measurement equipment, scientific instruments, and control systems, where accurate and repeatable switching is crucial.

Benefits of Micro Switches

Micro switches offer several benefits that make them desirable in various applications:

1.Compact Size: Micro switches are designed to be small and compact, making them suitable for applications where space is limited or miniaturization is required.

2.Reliability: Micro switches are known for their durability and reliability, ensuring consistent performance over a large number of switching cycles.

3.Precision: Many types of micro switches, such as precision and snap-action switches, offer exceptional accuracy and repeatability, ensuring precise switching action.

4.Versatility: Micro switches are available in various types and configurations, allowing them to be used in a wide range of applications and operating conditions.

5.Low Power Consumption: Micro switches require minimal power to operate, making them energy-efficient and suitable for battery-powered devices or applications where power consumption is a concern.

6.Cost-Effective: Micro switches are generally inexpensive, making them a cost-effective solution for various applications, especially in high-volume production.

Comparison of Micro Switch Types

To help you better understand the differences among the various types of micro switches, refer to the following comparison table:

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