New well? When will drilling be complete and the ...

Are you digging a new well for your family&#;s water supply? How long will that take, and when can you confidently count on it being available for everyday use?

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Different states have different regulations regarding the &#;Completion Report&#; when a well is first drilled. Some states require that a permit be issued by the local authorities and the well be drilled by a licensed, experienced professional.

But frequently, the determination of whether to stop or continue drilling is left up to the judgment of the driller, as he/she establishes and quantifies the amount of the water supply, expressed as gallons per minute (gpm), and when an adequate supply of water is achieved.

An adequate supply is based upon yield &#; the flow of water into the well, the number of fractures that are water-bearing (in certain types of wells) and the amount of calculated reserves of water, both in the well and in any available holding tanks.

The initial completion report will give you some of these features, with specifics related to the depth of the well, its initial yield, and a report of the soil and rock composition throughout the drilling process. In many respects, these reports are much like reading your drug prescriptions &#; largely illegible and generally incomprehensible to average Joes. They are filed with the applicable regulatory agency where the well was drilled for interpretation and judgment of acceptability.

To be acceptable for residential use, most states with quantitative measurement mandate that the yield of the well exceeds 1 gallon per minute for at least 3 consecutive hours. Various legislative initiatives have considered these guidelines, and proposed increases for future purposes. Most other Mid Atlantic states have no quantitative requirements for substantiating that the well will provide an adequate water supply.

Even fewer municipalities require that wells be tested in connection with real estate transactions. Further, home inspection requirements include no standard for testing the water supply, other than to perform a physical test of the interior plumbing system&#;s integrity.

How do you know if the water supply is adequate?

The easiest way is to have the water supply (i.e. yield expressed as gallons per minute) tested for yourself and/or your clients by objective, licensed professionals prior to completion of the real estate transaction.

While a family of 4 uses only 400 &#; 500 gallons of water per day, have a qualified test performed to safeguard your peace of mind (or your reputation as a realtor) and ensure that the water supply will be adequate for the new family in the home.

No one can or should make any assurances that the supply of water will be indefinitely reliable.

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The Well Worth It Blog is all about residential wells, why we love them, and how to keep yours healthy and flowing clean, drinkable water for you and your family.

When drilling a new well, the final well depth depends on upon the geology and underground water levels in your area. Drilling companies use a combination of experience, expertise, and a little educated guesswork to gauge the final well depth. Because the price of drilling is directly related to the depth of the well, it&#;s important to work with a company with the skills and knowledge of your area to get an accurate estimate before drilling begins.

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Aquifers are underground water storage spaces that contain varying amounts of water. Here in New England, water is often found at around 300 feet below the surface, but wells for household use can range from as little as 100 feet to as much as feet underground. 

Basic Well Construction

In New England, our geology is extremely rocky. A bedrock well is one that is most common to our area. This consists of drilling deep into solid rock and tapping into the fissures that carry water. A typical household well is about six inches in diameter and uses a six-inch casing or liner. A casing pipe is then installed down the shaft to the bottom of the well to keep out surface water, sand, and other contaminants. The casing extends about twelve inches above the surface.

Construction typically takes two days with the first day spent drilling and the second day used to install the casing pipe and submersible pump. The location of your well is critical. It&#;s best to work with a contractor who is familiar with the hydrology and geology of your area. They will not only know the best place to dig but can size the system correctly and will know the codes and regulations for your location. Hydrofracking is sometimes required to get a well to produce at the flow rate needed.

Estimating Well Depth

Generally, the cost of digging a well is based on a price per foot. To get an accurate estimate from your contractor, they should have experience digging in your area and will know the average well depth needed to reach water. As soon as adequate supply is found, drilling can stop.  While a water well contractor can&#;t tell you exactly how deep they&#;ll need to go to get water, they can make reasonable judgments about water quality and quantity based on previous experience.

Yields can be increased if needed, by fracturing the bedrock immediately surrounding the well shaft. This is done using a technique known as hydrofracking. By pumping large quantities of water deep underground at high pressure, additional fissures in the bedrock are exposed providing access to additional clean water.

The quality of your water depends on several factors including geology and water levels. In order to allow for maximum ground filtration to remove impurities, your well depth should be at least 100 feet. As a general rule, the deeper you drill, it&#;s more likely that there will be minerals present. Which could require the installation of a water softening unit.

The best way to begin is to get a list of state certified drilling contractors from your local health or water department.  Your well professional can advise you as to your options and the costs involved. Your well is the most important asset you own. Work with a qualified contractor to make sure the work is done properly. Your family&#;s health and well-being depend on it!

Contact us to speak with a well technician. We may have records that show the average well depth in your neighborhood and we can provide you an estimate for water well drilling.

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