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Tablet Computer, a device that occupies a size space between laptops and smartphones. Initially, early tablet computers utilized either keyboards or styluses for data input; however, these methods eventually gave way to the prevalence of touch screens.
The origins of tablet computers are rooted in earlier devices like the Stylator and the RAND Tablet, which employed a stylus for input in a larger computing context. In 1972, Alan Kay, a graduate student at the University of Utah, advocated for the concept of a compact, powerful tablet-like computer, a vision he termed the Dynabook; however, this Dynabook was never realized. The first real tablet computers were Cambridge Research's Z88 and Linus Technologies' Write-Top, launched in the mid-1980s. The Z88 featured a built-in keyboard as part of its main unit, while the Write-Top utilized a stylus for input. Weighing 0.9 kg (2 pounds), the Z88 was much easier to carry than the Write-Top, which at 4 kg (9 pounds) included an internal floppy disk drive.
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Numerous models followed the Z88 and the Write-Top; however, tablet sales stagnated until 2010 when Apple Inc. introduced the iPad, a sleek touch-screen device with a 24.6 cm (9.7 inches) diagonal display. The iPad measured about 1.2 cm (0.5 inch) in thickness and weighed approximately 0.7 kg (1.5 pounds). Its operation revolved around finger gestures similar to those on the iPhone. Capable of high-definition video playback, the iPad also came equipped with applications like iTunes and could run almost all apps designed for the iPhone. In a collaboration with several leading publishers, Apple launched its own e-book application called iBooks, along with an online iBook store.
Following the iPad, other tablet computers such as the Samsung Galaxy Tab, Motorola Xoom, and HP TouchPad emerged. The tablet market saw exponential growth, skyrocketing from 2 million units sold globally in 2010 to 20 million in 2011. Smaller variations like the Apple iPad mini and Amazon Kindle Fire were introduced, alongside "phablets," devices like the Samsung Galaxy Note that fall in between the size of a small tablet and a smartphone. The pinnacle of tablet sales occurred in 2013, with 233 million units sold, but a decline followed, attributed to consumers replacing their tablets less frequently than smartphones.
Apple's Newton MessagePad, launched in 1993, sought to establish a new device category, namely a "personal digital assistant" or PDA, meant to complement rather than replace personal computers. Users could input data via a stylus, which the device attempted to recognize for handwriting, albeit with limited success.
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